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\begin{document}
\begin{titlepage}
\vspace{60mm}
\centerline{\Huge\bf  User Guide}
\centerline{\Huge\bf to the}
\centerline{\Huge\bf Jacobus Kapteyn Telescope}
\vspace{40mm}
\centerline{\Large\bf D.H.P.Jones~~~~~~R.W.Argyle~~~~~~C.D.Pike}
\vspace{20mm}
\centerline{\large\bf 1989 June}
\vspace{20mm}
\centerline{\large\bf Version 3.1}
\end{titlepage}
\vfill
\eject
\tableofcontents
\vfill
\eject

\section {OVERVIEW}


\subsection {SYSTEM DESCRIPTION}

     The telescope and its controls are made up of the following parts.  

\subsubsection  {The telescope hardware}

     This comprises the tube, motors, optics and encoders.

\subsubsection  {The Control Desk}

     This is located in the control room and contains the TV screens,
user keyboard and engineering controls.

\subsubsection  {The Clip Centre}

     This is located in the room underneath the control room.  It
contains the control computer, power amplifiers, contactors (power
switching relays), time service and air conditioning plant.

\subsubsection  {CAMAC}

     This is the means of interfacing between the telescope, control
desk, Clip centre and computer.  There are three crates at present in the
control system.  One system crate located in the Clip Centre 3210 rack
and two branch crates. Branch crate 1 is the lower of the two crates in
the Clip Centre. Branch crate 2 is in the telescope control console at
the left hand end.



\subsection { PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION}

     There are two modes of operation:

\subsubsection  {Engineering Mode}

     It is possible when in engineering mode to move the telescope
hardware without needing the computer. It is used by technical staff to
move the telescope for such jobs as top end changes or by the astronomer
for the initial setting up at the start of the night. The telescope is
protected from being driven too far by the use of limit switches. See
Section 9.2 for the procedure to use in the event that these limit
switches are activated.  The relays that protect the telescope are set so
that it is only possible to drive away from trouble. Note however that
hitting limits is regarded as an unusual case.  In these circumstances,
the computer loses control over the hardware and so when a limit has been
reached it is impossible for the computer to drive out. It is then
necessary to use Engineering Mode and no guarantee of the accuracy of the
telescope position is made until the encoders have been freshly zeroset.
Engineering Mode is the default mode on powering up the system.

\subsubsection  {Computer Mode}

     The second mode of operation is computer mode. In this mode, the
computer is allowed access to the servo amplifiers at full power and to
the focus drive.

\subsection { THE DRIVE SYSTEM}

     Each axis of the telescope has a main power amplifier which is
connected to the drive motor. Each axis also has a second amplifier and
motor which counteracts the effects of backlash.

\subsubsection {Position Encoding}

     The position of each axis is measured by an optical disc encoder
which is attached to a shaft carrying the worm gear, drive motor and
flywheel. The flywheels stop lockup in the gears. The encoder gives out a
train of pulses which are counted (up or down) by a Hytec CAMAC module.
There is one module for each axis.

     Every tenth of a second, a strobe pulse comes from the time service
and goes into the Hytec modules. This strobe causes a fresh copy of where
the telescope is positioned to be copied into a register which in turn is
readable by the computer.

     This same strobe pulse goes into the computer which is interrupted
from what it is doing and goes to look at the encoder position.  The
encoder position is compared with where the computer calculates that the
telescope ought to be and it then applies a correction, as necessary, to
the demanded drive voltages on the servo amplifiers. This procedure
involves a CAMAC module which does a digital to analogue conversion.
(DAC module). The voltage from the DAC is applied to the preamplifiers
which in turn drive the main "Inland" power amplifiers.  

     The program that does the job above also drives the red Beckmann
displays on the console which display the current Right Ascension,
Declination, Zenith distance, Sidereal Time and Universal Time. Note that
the Universal Time is effectively GMT whilst the Sidereal Time is local
and has been corrected for the longitude of La Palma. The value used in
the software is 1h 11m 30.3s West.  The time is corrected at regular intervals
by radio time signals and the clock is normally kept to UTC within an
accuracy of a few millisecs. 

            The Beckmann displays do not work unless the control computer
programs are fully running. This means that they will read random garbage
until startup time. There are circles on the telescope to help you get
within a fraction of a degree if necessary while in engineering mode.
There is a diagnostic display unit on top of the control console. The two
right hand displays therein give the current tracking errors . Ignore the
most significant digit. The upper display is for the RA, the lower for
the DEC. The units are 0.05 arcsec (colloquially called "Baldwins").

\subsubsection {Telescope Driving}

     After an object has been selected, the telescope slews as quickly as
the hardware will allow to the object.  When the telescope gets within a
few hundred arcsecs it switches into a tracking mode
and attempts to track to the demanded position as best as
it can. Note that it takes a few seconds after tracking mode has been
selected before the telescope is tracking sufficiently well for an
exposure to begin. Check that things are sensible by looking at the
diagnostic display which should be displaying numbers less than ten.  

     The telescope may be guided by means of either the handset attached
to the telescope or the buttons on the control console.

     The actions of the 'handset' buttons either on the observing floor
or on the control console are determined by which mode is set on the
SET/GUIDE/INCREMENT buttons on the console 
 and by what value appropriate to each mode was set
by the user interface.  It is impossible to change modes from
the observing floor.

     The focus control buttons on the observing floor handset are under
computer control when the handset is plugged into the 'Observer'
socket which is normal.   When the handset is plugged into the 
'Engineering' socket the focus is under engineering control.

\subsection { COMMUNICATING WITH THE T/S CONTROL COMPUTER}

     The user issues commands to the control computer in three ways.
\begin{enumerate}
\item   Typing into the computer system terminal.

\item   Typing into the keyboard of the telescope control console.

\item   Pressing buttons on the control console or the handset.
\end{enumerate}
The buttons on the console are of two types. The first type are single
action. i.e. one push will set a flag that makes the telescope perform
some action.  These buttons are attached to antibounce cards which ensure
you only set the flag once even though a trembling hand actually
depresses the key more than once. The second kind of button is continuous
action such as guider buttons.  Almost all of the buttons acknowledge
that they have been pressed by lighting up.  Sometimes there can be a
little delay for the computer to reply. However a wait of more than a
second or so is exceptional and probably indicates a fault.  

     The choice of what to do next, or changing some parameter is done
through the USER terminal. Every job, e.g. choosing a new set of coordinates,
offsets , differential tracking rates and so on is broken down into a set
of specific commands.  The software which runs these screens is known as
the User Interface or UI for short.  

     Lastly, there is a handset which controls the RA and Dec and the
focus drive. The handset is on a detachable cord and can be plugged
into the right hand end of the console or sockets on the telescope near
the finder eyepiece.  There is a second location on the telescope for the
handset which is used in engineering mode. The two sockets are clearly
marked.  When observing, the handset must be plugged in to the "observer"
station on the telescope.   The Cassegrain instrument rotator is only
controllable from push buttons on the telescope primary cell.   You must
release the mechanical clamp before rotation and re-clamp afterwards.

\subsection { ALARMS AND STATUS LIGHTS}

     There is a set of lamps at the right hand end of the console which
indicate major changes of status or alarms. Alarms are of various types
but upon no account should any be ignored.  You will be unable to ignore
an alarm anyway since when an alarm occurs and puts on  the warning light
the system trips a relay which sounds a high pitched, loud and very
irritating whistle. You may cancel this by pressing the button marked
"CANCEL". The alarm will remain lit but the noise will cease. Just to
confuse you there is another whistle of similar pitch which comes from
the Interval Timer.  You can stop the noise from this by pressing the
yellow button marked " RESET " on the timer panel.
\vfill
\eject

\section {  THE DOME AND RISING FLOOR}

\subsection {  CONTROL OF THE DOME, SHUTTERS AND WIND SCREEN}

     Access to the roof and the outside of the dome is via the aluminium
door at the top of the stairs near the control room. At present there is
no easy way of closing this door from outside (the only way is to take
the key with you and lock it).

     In winter inspect the outside of the dome during daylight for icing
on the shutters before attempting to open them.  It is a good plan to
rotate the dome during the day so that the Sun melts as much ice as
possible.  Wear a hard hat (provided near roof exit door) and a safety
harness when climbing the dome.  It is strictly forbidden for any ice to
be cleared from the dome unless supervised by a person without
astronomical interests - see LP Office Notice 4/86.

     If there is no power to the building see Section 2.4, otherwise you
can rotate the dome and raise/lower the wind screen from either the grey
control panel mounted on the inside wall of observing floor or (if the
local/remote switch thereon is set to remote) via buttons on the upper
left of the telescope control console in the control room. At both
stations the buttons must be kept depressed for the mechanism to work.


     Even though it may not appear so, the shutters do open to a full 2
metres.   

     The dome rotation is normally set to maximum speed (one 360$^\circ$
 rotation takes 3.5 minutes). Please leave the speed control (lower right
of control panel in dome) set at maximum.

     Remember, during hours of darkness,  to switch the dome lights off
before opening for fear of feeding unwanted light into the INT and WHT.

\subsection { CONTROL OF THE RISING FLOOR}

     To facilitate access to the telescope, the dome is provided with a
rising floor. Control of this is achieved through a control panel
(yellow) which although on a 4 metre extension lead is normally left
hanging on a post below the dome rotation control panel.  Four buttons
give fast raise and lower (the upper - i.e. near cable input - two
buttons ) and slow raise and lower (bottom 2 buttons ). The floor control
has 2 circuit breakers, 1 power switch and for safety reasons, 3 micro
switches and 3 emergency stop buttons ( apart from the upper and lower
level limit switches) which can disable the floor operation.  The
procedure for investigating rising-floor malfunctions is explained in
Section 2.3 below.

     Of the 3 micro switches by far the most troublesome is that on the
gate giving access to the observing floor. The gate must be fully closed
in order for the floor to be operative. At present the vibration of
moving the floor is sufficient to 'open' the gate and the floor will stop
for no apparent reason. The other micro switches, which are less likely
to be of concern, detect whether the rising floor hatches are open and
whether the ladder of the rising floor is in place.  

     Three emergency stop buttons are also provided one by the gate, one
on the floor control paddle, and one near the under floor access next to
the control room door. These can be depressed accidentally. If the floor
fails, check these stops are fully out - particularly the one by the
gate.    

\subsection {  MALFUNCTION OF THE RISING FLOOR}

     If the rising floor does not work but power is present to other
things e.g. shutters then:
\begin{enumerate}

\item   Check micro-switches on gate, hatches, ladder.

\item   Check all three emergency stops are fully out.

\item   Check switch and circuit breaker under the floor  (follow the cables
     from the large motor to identify these).   

\item   Check circuit breaker in basement (on the large panel of switches to
     the left of the Buffer Set in the plant room there is one labelled
     for the rising floor).
\end{enumerate}

\subsection { RESTORATION OF RAW AND SMOOTHED MAINS TO THE JKT BUILDING }

\begin{enumerate}

\item   Ascertain the reason for the lack of power - in particular check
     that it has not been deliberately turned off while maintenance work
     is carried out.   It is a local rule that any work of this nature
     should be entered in the Telescope Operations Log Book which
     is kept on the console.   People carrying out work likely to endanger
     themselves or others must always write the nature of their work
     in this book and countersign it when their work is finished so that
     subsequent users know the telescope is safe again.

\item   If the reason was a "normal" power failure then the mains will come
     back automatically when power is available. 

\item   If (2) was true and the mains is now back (lights and A/C on) but
     the computers are still dead (i.e. there is no power to the special
     red outlet sockets) then the mains frequency stabilizer and smoother
     (the Buffer Set) needs to be restarted.    Don't be in a hurry to
     do this as power cuts often come in bursts.   Contact the Duty Officer
     by means of an F9 call on the intercom before proceeding further.
     He should be able to advise you of what will be about to happen.
     In particular he may put the site on to local generator power
     for the rest of the night.

\item   Proceed to the plant room off the basement (down the spiral
     staircase).  The Buffer Set is the LARGE GREEN BOX opposite the
     door.

     Follow the instructions (to the letter) as given on the notice. If
     in doubt call the duty officer or duty technician.

\item   Even though the Air Conditioning may be blowing a gale both  in the
     control room and in the Clip centre, make sure that it is also
     COOLING properly since it is possible for the A/C  to restart with
     the cooling disabled.  If this is the case  contact the duty
     technician.  If you cannot find the duty technician in an emergency
     switch the A/C off in the Clip Centre, press RESET and switch on
     again.  If no illuminated warnings come up, you are safe.

\item   If the restart of the Buffer set was successful then proceed
     IMMEDIATELY to check the status of the computers, their disc drives
     and the control computer CAMAC modules. See Section 2.5.        
\end{enumerate}

\subsection { CHECKING OF CAMAC AFTER A BUFFER SET RESTART}

     There are three crates to check. The system crate and branch crate 1
are in the Clip Centre rack to the right of the 3220.
They are in the bottom of the rack and you have to remove the
front panels to reach them.  Check they have power on by looking
for a light on the ON/OFF switch. Next press the toggle switch on the
system crate at the right hand end marked C/Z (Clear) once in each
direction.  You need to do the same with the branch crate (lower crate)
but there is a switch above the C/Z switch which must be OFF before you
can do the C/Z (Clear). It lifts and pulls.  This is a switch which puts
the crate on or off-line. You cannot clear the crate until it is off-
line. Check that the red light goes out when in the off-line state. Now
do C/Z.  Return the switch into the ON state. The light should be on.  

     Go upstairs to the CAMAC crate inside the left hand end of the console.
Check that the power is on. If not, put the power on with the white power
switch. If it still has not come on then check that the main power switch
to the desk (silver handle below the crate ) is on and that all the
circuit breakers are up. If these have been off you will probably find
that you get the audible warning alarm up from the console. This is loud
and monotonous so to shut it up, press the red CANCEL key in the right
hand bay of the console.  Also press RESET on the timer unit (2nd bay top
row).  Now do a C/Z to the CAMAC crate as you did to the other branch
crate. Remember to put the crate back on-line.   
\vfill
\eject

\section { POWERING UP THE JKT ITSELF       }

\subsection { NORMAL PROCEDURE IN DETAIL}

     The telescope can only be powered up from the control console (CC)
in the control room.  
\begin{enumerate}

\item   Turn on the key labelled TELESCOPE POWER. It is on the upper right
     of the CC. A green light indicates ON. 

\item   Switch on the oil pump which lubricates the telescope drive by
     depressing the button marked OIL PUMP RUN on the upper left of the
     CC. The oil may take up to a minute to reach pressure depending on
     when it was last used. When ready the green switch will light and
     will usually be accompanied by an ear-piercing shrill from the alarm
     section (lower right of CC). Stop this by depressing the CANCEL
     button (left most red button of the ALARMS - lower right of CC). 

\item   Press the green RESET button which is alongside the big red
     EMERGENCY STOP button (upper right on CC). The green light should go
     out. 

\item   Check no further alarms are showing on the array of red alarms
     (lower right on CC). If there are any, seek the advice of the duty
     technician.  

     The telescope is now capable of being moved so make sure all
     obstacles are removed from the rising floor and that all instrument
     cables, hand sets, etc. are firmly stowed. Note that a handset MUST
     ALWAYS be plugged into the OBSERVER socket at the telescope.  If not
     you will experience a slow telescope runaway with a constant in the
     drive error display.

\item   The telescope may now be moved using the control buttons labelled
     HA+, HA-, DEC+, DEC- on the left centre of the CC.  The rotary
     potentiometers next to the push buttons allow the speed of slew to
     be varied but only when under engineering control. This is a
     convenient time to move the telescope so that when the f/8
     corrector is mounted its cover can be removed.  

\item   Open the mirror cover petals by pressing the console button MIRROR
     COVERS OPEN. When fully open the green light will illuminate.
     Sometimes the covers stick closed.  If this happens go to the
     telescope and look for the chain around the mirror cell which drives
     the petals. Attached to the chain are drive shafts at various points
     which have rubber covers over the couplings. Rotate any one of these
     anticlockwise (looking up the telescope). The mirror petals will
     open under their own power once past the sticking point.  Note that
     in the event of a power failure, the mirror covers close and will
     need to be reopened on startup.

\item   Position the telescope ready for encoder initialization.  This 
     means having it slightly (about a degree in each axis) away from the zenith
     park position.  Follow the User Interface instructions in Section 7.
     for zeroset.
\end{enumerate}

\subsection { SUMMARY FOR EXPERTS}

\begin{enumerate}
\item   Telescope power On

\item   Oil pump On  

\item   Cancel alarm (when it sounds) 

\item   Press RESET next to emergency stop knob                            

\item   Check for other alarms  

\item   Check for obstructions on observing floor 

\item   Move telescope so that you can get corrector cover
     off if necessary.

\item   Open dome.

\item   Open mirror covers   

\item   Move to position ready for encoder initialization
\end{enumerate}
\subsection { INSTRUMENT ROTATOR}

\begin{enumerate}
\item   The rotator position angle is conventionally zero for most
instruments but 270. for Wide Field Camera.

\item   It is usually difficult to rotate an instrument because of the
cable ties put on by the daylight staff.   If you envisage rotating
the instrument please ask them or your support astronomer to arrange
sufficiently long free leads to rotate as far as you want; usually
+/- 90 degrees.   It is wise to rehearse this manouevre in daylight
before attempting at night.

\item   First zenith park the telescope.   None of our instruments
is exactly balanced in rotation and may swing out of control when
the telescope isn't in the zenith.

\item   Go to the observing floor and undo the rotation clamp.

\item   Rotate to the desired angle using the push buttons.   Watch
the cables carefully throughout because even if they are long enough
they may still get tangled.

\item   Reclamp

\item   Return to console and continue observing.   The control computer
can read the rotator position angle so no further action on the 
observer's part is needed.
\end{enumerate}
\vfill
\eject

\def\ni{\noindent}

\section { THE PE 3220 CONTROL COMPUTER \& TELESCOPE POSITION ENCODERS}


\subsection { HOW THE SYSTEM WORKS}

     The movement of the telescope is controlled by a Perkin-Elmer 3220
computer which is located downstairs in the computer room usually
called the CLIP centre.   Its system terminal (CST) is the furthest of the two
 VT220 VDUs  to the left of the console in the telescope control room.
Once the night's work has started you will rarely if ever want to use
this terminal.   You will use the VT220 on the telescope console which is
where the User Interface (UI) appears.   Immediately to the right of this VDU
you will see the information display which is a continuously updated
report of the status of the whole system.   The working of the control
program is completely transparent to the user but in outline it works as
follows.   When a star position is demanded from the User Interface the
computer invokes a subroutine called MODEL which allows for the
geometrical and empirical errors of the telescope mounting.   The errors
themselves depend on whether the telescope is East or West of the pier
and whether the f/8 or f/15 top end is mounted.   The errors are held in the
files F15E, F15W and F8E.   F8W doesn't exist but could easily be set up
in response to user demand.   From here on the telescope is under control
of the subroutine TNHZ which polls all the encoders ten times a second.
If TNHZ detects a large difference between where the telecope is and 
where it wants to be it tries to eliminate the difference by slewing 
at the maximum rate allowed by the hardware.   Once the difference is
less than an arcsecond it drops into tracking mode.   If the autoguider
is running it injects its errors into TNHZ at this stage.   You can
follow all this happening by watching the information display which
is updated as opportunity offers but about once a second.

     The information display is largely self-explanatory but two
mechanisms require comment.   When the telescope is slewing it
pre-computes where the dome should be on arrival at source and 
keeps the dome turning until it has reached that value.   Once the
telescope is tracking it ignores the dome until its azimuth is
wrong by 3.3 degrees whereupon it corrects it.   The dome can turn
only at one speed, full, and is either off or on.   There is one 
position near the zenith where the dome has to turn through 180
degrees in about a minute.   This results in the dome going into
a stop/go mode which can be alarming to a new observer.   New
observers should also remember that because of the nature of its
mounting the telescope is never at the centre of the dome and in
general the telescope azimuth and the dome azimuth will be several
degrees apart.   The drive program knows all about this so don't
worry.
 
     It is possible at large hour angles East with the telescope
East to point the telescope so that it is partially vignetted by the
dome wall and similarly Telescope West.   At the moment the drive 
programme does not allow for this so you should consult the 
appendix to this manual or the circular
graph on the notice-board when in doubt.   It is planned to include
this problem in the drive program at a later date.

   There is a
thermistor on the telescope steelwork whose temperature is displayed
at the bottom right hand corner of the information display.   This
temperature is updated only every five minutes and the value
displayed during the first five minutes after startup is wrong.
When the drive program detects that the focus has changed by half
a degree or more it will adjust the focus according to an internal
calibration.   The program has no absolute calibration;  the initial
focus is set by the observer using the FOCUS command from the 
User-Interface or SETFOCUS from the instrumentation computer usually
following a focus run.    Once the initial focus has been set the
program follows the temperature from that point onwards.   Although
the control 3220 and the instrumentation 3210 are quite distinct
computers they can communicate by an Inter-Processor Link (IPL).
Thus the Instrumentation computer can set the focus and the
telescope control computer can provide the co-ordinates of a 
source to the Instrumentation computer to enter a data file
descriptor.  

\subsection { NORMAL STARTUP PROCEDURE IN DETAIL}

 Normally the
computer is marked off when not in use so a few instructions are needed
to get it to take control of the telescope. Proceed as follows: 

\begin{enumerate}
\item   Ensure that the telescope power and oil pump are switched on,
     and that the oil pressure warning light and Emergency Stop reset
     buttons are out.

\item   Hit the RETURN button on the CST. If an asterisk response is
     obtained then all is potentially well and so proceed to step (3). If
     there is no response then a slight diversion to Section 4.3 is
     required - so follow instructions therein.  If there is a response

\item Type D D $<$cr$>$. 

     Look down list of devices and find FX16:. If it is OFF, type

     MA FX16:,ON,,CD=ALL

     and wait for the one line response, then type

     GO JKT

     and wait for the message LOADJKT: END OF TASK 0. If it says FX16:SYS
     type  

     GO JKT and wait for message, either LOADJKT:END OF TASK 0 or CONTROL
     SYSTEM is already running.

     If this is the first startup after an end-change or reversing
     the telescope then GO JKT,F15E,COMPILE or F15W or F8E as
     appropriate.
           
\item   What should happen on the USER screen is that a display saying 

            JACOBUS KAPTEYN TELESCOPE

     should appear followed by the user interface UI$>$ prompt.  You can
     then zeroset, input source positions, initialise T/S parameters or
     any other User Interface Command.

\item   Occasionally the user interface terminal hangs up and you will be
     unable to get a response from it.
     First, check the system terminal.  It may
     say that Task USER (or any other named task) has failed with an
     error.  In this case type in the following (substituting the task
     name as appropriate)

     RESTART USER $<$cr$>$

     The user interface (or other task) should now restart.  If it doesn't
     then try again.

\item   Ensure that the speeds on the engineering panel are set to the
     recommended values.    Position the telescope within about a 
     degree of the zenith.   Then at the user-interface type Z(EROSET)
     and follow the prompts.

\item   Switch the control console from engineering (manual) mode to
     computer control by turning the key labelled ENGINEERING FACILITY
     clockwise. It should spring back and the green COMP half of the
     associated button should light up. 

\item   Use HA/S, HA/G and HA/I to select required set/guide/increment rates
     (see Section 7).  Press SET, GUIDE and INCREMENT on the System
     Control Panel to enable these operations.   If you omit this step
     it isn't disastrous as the control program has the sensible defaults
     30, 3 arcsec/sec and 30 arcsec.

\item   If the telescope is now creeping, set a position on the USER
     terminal near the telescope's current position and press STOP and SOURCE.
     The telescope should now track on a fixed RA and Dec position.
     If you press STOP it should stop completely.  

\end{enumerate}
\paragraph {Point to note.    }

     To switch back to engineering mode, just press the illuminated
     switch don't try to turn the key anticlockwise!

     The telescope is now totally under the influence of commands entered
     at the USER terminal or the set/guide buttons either on the control
     console or the telescope handset.

\subsection { HOW TO REVERSE THE TELESCOPE}
     How to reverse the telescope from East to West of the Axis.
     The reverse operation is carried out by interchanging 
     West for East.

\begin{enumerate}
\item   Press 'Zenith Park'

\item   Turn off TV and Autoguider

\item   Close dome, open blind and switch on lights

\item   At TCS Console type 'FINISH'   This is the furthest VDU from
     the left of the Telescope Console

\item   Switch to engineering Control

\item   Turn the speed knobs on the engineering panel to
     their maximum allowed values.   This will be marked 
     against the knobs and may be substantially slower
     than the maximum physically possible.

\item   Watching through the window use the engineering
     controls to move the telescope to the pole and over
     the axis.   When the telescope reaches the pole carry
     on turning in Hour Angle until the telescope is well
     to the West of the polar axis.   Continue
     turning in HA and restart the declination motion in the same
     direction so that
     the telescope comes near to the Zenith West of the axis.

\item   Return to TCS console and type
     GO JKT,F15W,COMPILE     (F15E if moving from West to
     East, F8E if observing at f/8.   There is no F8W for
     the present.)

\item   When the user-interface appears on the telescope
     console carry out the zeroset and then switch to 
     computer control.

\item   Switch off lights, close blind and open dome.

\item   Turn on TV and Autoguider

\item   SNAFU 

\item   Carry on observing; both the TV and CCD displays
     will appear to have rotated through 180 degrees.
\end{enumerate}





\subsection { SUMMARY FOR EXPERT USERS}

\begin{enumerate}
\item   Check T/S and oil pump are on.

\item   Check control computer is up (asterisk response).  If it is not, see
     the instructions in Section 4.3.  Check the control programs are not
     running - if it is running go to step 5).

\item   Type at the computer system terminal 

        GO JKT

\item   Run ZEROSET.

\item   Switch to computer control. 

\item   If you want to work with the telescope West of the pier see the
     instructions 4.2 above.

\item   Energise the handset.  (Press SET, GUIDE and INCREMENT).  

\item   Set Telescope to first Source.  It is wise to SNAFU on a source of
     accurately known position first.
\end{enumerate}

\subsection {  COLD RESTART OF THE PE 3220 CONTROL COMPUTER}

     The PE 3220 control computer is located in the CLIP centre directly
beneath the control room. If there has been a power failure, or the
system has hung up irretrievably it is necessary to initialise the
computer. To do this, and to subsequently bring the computer to life,
follow the instructions given below. 

In the CLIP centre ...
\begin{enumerate}

\item   Find the consolette on top of the 3220 computer rack
     and ensure the 'enable/disable' switch is at 'disable'.   
     Press the INIT button on the consolette and then
     initialize CAMAC crates (see Section 2.5).

In the control room ...

\item   Go to the control computer system terminal in the control room.
     On the screen there should be a list of devices followed by
\medskip    

     "Device=". Type C13F. It should respond with:
\medskip    

     "File=".   Type FX163220.LPO being careful to distinguish between zero and
     letter 'Oh'.
\medskip    

     Wait for the message END OF ENVIRONMENT CONFIGURATION.
\medskip    

\item   If the reason for the cold restart was the effects of a power
     failure, then it is advisable at this stage to follow the
     instructions of Section 4.4 on the checking of the CAMAC crates.

\item   If things are OK, then you may now join the normal start up
     procedure at step (3) of Section 4.1 or at step (3) in Section 4.2. 

\item   If the "information display" screen (right most screen in the
     control console) is displaying garbage you will need to reset its
     controller.  This is in the CLIP centre mounted high in the CAMAC
     crate.  It is a blue box with an on/off switch on the back (facing
     you).  Switch it off and on again to reset.
\end{enumerate}

\subsection { CHECKING THE STATUS OF THE CAMAC CRATES}

At the system terminal type

     CAMTST  $<$cr$>$                         

     The terminal will reply with a message about CAMTST and return a
prompt $>$    Give the command....  

               STATUS  $<$cr$>$                        

     CAMTST will give a list of all crates that are present and the line
that concerns you is the one beginning with BRANCH 4.   Crates 1 and 2
both need to be ON.  If crates 1 and 2 of branch 4 are not on then
recheck that you have the crates on line (Section 2.5). If so then there
is a CAMAC fault so get help. If you did happen to leave them off-line
then put it on-line and  repeat the command STATUS to check that things
are OK.   

     To exit from CAMTST type:                  

               END  $<$cr$>$                           

     CAMTST will reply " END OF TASK 0 ".  


\subsection { POINT}

It is possible to keep a log of the directions in which the telescope was
pointed throughout the night using the program POINT.  This is
particularly valuable for analysing the geometrical errors of the
mounting.  Pointing tests are always done with the catalogue PTGRID.CAT
which is permanently on disc.   To make this catalogue available type
IN PTGRID.CAT at the User-Interface.
 To use POINT at the Control System Terminal type
\medskip

     * POINT JKT

The * is the usual 3220 prompt.  The output file for this program is
POINT.DAT.  If the computer responds "POINT.DAT" already exists" then
rename it.
\medskip

     * REN POINT.DAT, OLDPO.DAT

Report this action to the Software Manager so that the old file can be
archived or deleted as appropriate.  Don't forget to do this or the disc will
become littered with old pointing files.  However don't delete the file
yourself unless you are positive that it is of no interest.

Thereafter press 'LOG' on the console every time you centre a star.  It
should light up for a brief moment.

At the end of the night you can print the file.  First stop the POINT
program by typing ENDPOINT and then switch the printer to INSTRUMENT 3220 
and press the ON-LINE button to re-initialise the interface.
\medskip

     * PRINT POINT.DAT

should print the file but if it doesn't, type
\medskip

     * STARTSPL

If this still doesn't work write a 'Software Error Report' (SER).
If the control system
is running (in particular if task TNHZ is active) then printing is very
slow, so be patient!

\subsection {CLOSING DOWN THE PE 3220 CONTROL COMPUTER}
\begin{enumerate}
\item   At the TCS type FINISH

\item   Wait for about a screen full of messages

\item   Type   MA FX16:,OFF
\end{enumerate}
\vfill
\eject


\section {   THE PE 3210 INSTRUMENT COMPUTER }

\subsection { INTRODUCTION AND NORMAL START UP}

The PE 3210 is a more powerful version of the PE 3220.     
A complete guide to the PE 3220 machines and their peripherals is
given in the document 'A guide to the La Palma Perkin-Elmer 3220 series
computers' by L R Jones which is in the same binder as the ADAM manual.
This should be consulted for any further details.  There is also the PE
Documentation in the control room but this is not entirely complete and
some manuals refer to an earlier implementation of the Operating
System to that now in use.

     The normal practice at the JKT is to leave the PE 3210 computer (the
instrument computer) closed down with its Eagle disc powered
off when not in use.   There are up to three terminals
connected to the system at present, all of which are in the telescope
control room. The computer itself is in an enclosure at the end of the
control room. The disc drive does not like dust whether it
has travelled all the way from the Sahara or not - so keep the door to
the computer enclosure FIRMLY SHUT whenever possible.
\medskip

ON NO ACCOUNT SHOULD THE DOOR AT THE TOP OF THE STAIRS BE USED FOR OTHER
THAN EMERGENCY ACCESS TO THE COMPUTER ROOM.   It must never be locked as
it is a fire escape.
\medskip

     Two of the PE3210 terminals are the system terminal (to the right of
the telescope control computer VDU) and the user terminal which is
located opposite the telescope control console. 

     The normal procedure to begin using this machine is as
follows:-  
\begin{enumerate}

\item   Go to the EAGLE disc drive and locate the two toggle switches
     on its front panel.   Set the start switch 'On' and the protect
     switch 'Off'.   Wait for the disc to reach running speed when
     there will be three red LEDs shining next to the switches

\item   At the system terminal type MA EGLE:,ON,,CD=ALL

\item   After about a minute and one line of output, type

        STARTUP

        which will give you about a screen full of messages, followed by
     'End of Environment Configuration'

\item   Check that the PE3210 is alive by pressing the RETURN key on
     the user terminal. An asterisk response indicates all is well in which case
     proceed to step (4). If there is no response, divert to Section 5.2.


\item  Sign on to the computer by using the user terminal.    

     In general, the form of the sign on command is :     

               SI[GNON]  ABC,n,n   $<$cr$>$      

     where     ABC are the initials of the current user.
               n is the account number (1-8) and the second 'n' is the
               password which is the same as the account number.

     If your sign-on is accepted, a number of system messages will be
generated and you will be ready to run the instrument control software
for whichever instrument is mounted but that is another story
altogether........   
\end{enumerate}


\subsection { COLD STARTUP OF THE PE 3210 INSTRUMENT COMPUTER}

     A cold (ie from the very beginning) startup of the PE 3210 will be
needed if there has been a power failure or if the system has been
deliberately or accidentally closed down. Under this latter category
comes the inadvertent pressing of the INIT key as described in item (3)
below.  If there has been a mains power failure, check that the smoothed
mains supply (i.e. the buffer set) is now available  - see Section 2.4.

\medskip

     Then.... 

\begin{enumerate}
\item   Check that the mains switch (high on the wall) is on - i.e. turned
     to '1'.  This switches on everything except the CPU and printer.
     These are switched on from a 'red' socket in the wall behind the
     CPU.

\item   The 400 Mbyte Eagle disk is located below magnetic tape drive number
     1.  Make sure the 'ON/OFF' switch is at 'ON' and the 'protect'
     switch is at 'OFF'.   If the EAGLE is off it takes about a minute
     to reach speed after being switched on.   There will then be three red
     LEDs shining on its front panel. 

\item   Go to the computer rack with the 'Perkin Elmer 3210' label.
     Press down two finger catches at the top so that the front panel
     comes away in your hands to reveal the consolette at the top
     inside.   Check that the 'Enable/Disenable' switch is in the
     'Disenable' position and then depress the INIT toggle switch.
     This initialises the computer.   Replace the front panel.

\item   At the system console you must then answer four prompts.
     Controller Device Address?         FB $<$cr$>$
     Selch Address?                     F0 $<$cr$>$ 
     Drive No. (0,1,2,3)?                2 $<$cr$>$
     VOL=SYS   FILE=                    EGLE3210.LPO $<$cr$>$
     Be careful to distinguish between zero and letter 'Oh'.

\item   If all is well many system messages will be generated for
     about three minutes about discs
     being checked together with warnings of possible lost data (safe to
     ignore!) but the punch line you are looking for is - 

\medskip

\centerline {END OF ENVIRONMENT CONFIGURATION}

\medskip

     (If the line printer is off-line, an additional message ".SPL: I/O
     error A009 on LP1 - Please correct"  will appear. This is just a
     warning and can again be ignored until you wish to use the printer.)

\item   Breathe a sigh of relief if the above message
     appears because the system is up and running and you may now proceed
     to the normal sign on procedure as described at stage (3) of Section
     5.1.   
\end{enumerate}

\subsection { SUMMARY FOR EXPERTS}

\paragraph {WARM RESTART (after a controlled shutdown)}

\begin{enumerate}
\item D D $<$cr$>$   at system terminal check that EGLE: is on as SYS.
      There should be three LEDs shining on front of EAGLE.   If not,
      switch ON and DEPROTECT and wait for three LEDs to come on.

\item If EGLE: is OFF then type

           MA EGLE:,ON,,CD=ALL      It will take more than a minute to get
      a one-line response....then

\item STARTUP $<$cr$>$

\item SI[GNON]  ABC,nn,DEF       at the USER terminal      
\end{enumerate}

\paragraph {COLD RESTART  (system off or re-initialised)}

\begin{enumerate}
\item check mains supply on

\item check Eagle disc powered up and running 

\item INIT the PE3210.   Answer FB,F0,2,EGLE3210.LPO to prompts and
      await "End of Environment Configuration'.                         

\item SI  ABC,nn,DEF    at the user terminal         
\end{enumerate}

\subsection { ADVANCED USE OF THE 3210}

The Common User instruments are provided with their own software packages
on the 3210 instrumentation computer.  However it is also available to
private instruments in consultation with the local staff.  The following
notes are intended to assist such private use.

The full description of a file is DISK:name ($<$ 8 chars).ext/account e.g.
SYS:PHOCDP.001/8.   There is only one disk   SYS:

\subsubsection {EDITOR}

See PE Manual for details!

EDIT FILE.EXT (.FTN assumed if left blank)

\begin{tabular}{ll}
AF/string/newstring/range~~~~~~~~~~~~~~             &       AFter                  \\
AL                                    &       ALters a line, in the  \\
                                      &       O NOBIOC mode          \\
      @ deletes                       &                              \\
      %/string/inserts                &                              \\
     /replace by space                &                              \\
AL                                    &       Alters a line when     \\
                                      &       O NOBIOC not selected  \\
\end{tabular}
\vfill
\eject
\begin{tabular}{ll}
     Ctrl+Z=end of line               &                              \\
     Ctrl+B=move cursor left          &                              \\
     Ctrl+F=move cursor right         &                              \\
 =switches on the insert mode,        &                              \\
   and switches it off when not wanted&                     \\
Ctrl+ =deletes characters, and closes gaps~~~~~~~~~~&                     \\
     Ctrl+C=forget last edit          &                              \\
AP                                    &       APpends at end         \\
   &\\
BE/string/newstring/range             &       BEfore                 \\
BO                                    &       BOttom of File         \\
   &\\
CH/string/,/newstring/,range          &       CHange all occurrences of\\
                                      &       string                 \\
CO n,/*/,range                        &       COlumn e.g.n,=*        \\
   &\\
DE n                                  &       DElete n               \\
DO                                    &       DO edits DONE to File and\\
                                      &       exits                  \\
   &\\
END                                   &       ENDS edit without change\\
   &\\
FI/string/,range                      &       FInds all occurrences of\\
                                      &       string                 \\
   &\\
INC n,File,range                      &       Includes after line n, range\\
                                      &       from file              \\
INC ,,30-40                           &       INCludes lines 30-40 of\\
                                      &       current file at current\\
                                      &       position.              \\
INS n                                 &       INSert after line n, if
n \\ 
                                      &       omitted insert after current\\
                                      &       line.  Two RETURNS to leave\\
                                      &       this mode.             \\
   &\\
MO n,m                                &       MOve after line n, line
m \\ 
   &\\
O NOBIOC                              &       Option nobioc--easier for\\
                                      &       editing                \\
O :1=H or A                           &       Mode of list = HEX or ASCII\\
   &\\
RU                                    &       RUler--gives column numbers\\
   &\\
SA *                                  &       SAve file, renumbering \\
                                      &       without EXIT (DO=SA * +END\\
\end{tabular}

\vfill
\eject
\begin {tabular}{ll}
SC                                   ~~~~~~~~ &       SCreen Print           \\
SU/string/newstring/range             &       SUbstitute first occurrence\\
                                      &       of string in line/s.   \\
   &\\
TO                                    &       TOp of file            \\
T range                               &       Type line/s            \\
+/- n                                 &       go forward or back n lines\\
T 1-                                  &       Types whole file\\  
\end {tabular}

Range is of form n-m, n- is from line 'n' to end of file. If not given, 
default is current line.

HELP * gives list of edit comments

HELP MNEMONIC gives short description of that command
\medskip

To CONCATENATE files A,B,C using the editor

EDIT A

BO

INC,B,1-

INC,C,1-

DO

\subsubsection {OS COMMANDS +CSS FILES* (MTM)}

\begin{tabular}{ll}

CA            &Cancel which you have to use if a task pauses with an\\
     &error condition and you wish to abandon.  CA taskname from\\
     &system console for a job caught in a tight loop or similar\\
     &condition.\\

CO   &Continue which you use if a task pauses and you wish to\\
     &continue it.\\
   &\\

D D               &  Display Devices\\
D F               &  Display Files\\
D L               &  Display Logical Units\\
D M               &  Display Memory\\
D T               &  Display Time\\
D V,VOL           &  Display Volume -- shows how much left\\
                  &  This only works from the system console.\\
D F,-.-/*         &  displays all the files on that disk\\
D F,-.FTN         &  displays all the .FTN files and similarly for other\\
                  &  extensions.\\
D F,DONKEY.-      &  displays all the DONKEY files whatever their\\
                  &  Extension\\
D F,DONKEY.FTN/- ~~~~~~~~ &  displays all the DONKEY.FTN files whatever their\\
                  &  private account numbers.\\
                  \\
DE FILENAME       &  Deletes\\
DESTROY -.-       &  deletes all files in the private account, querying\\
                  &  each in turn.\\
DESTROY -.-,Q=NONE&  deletes all without query\\
\end{tabular}
\medskip

\def\ni{\noindent}

\ni You can RENAME FILE.EXT/PR1,FIL2.EX2/PR2 but you can't do this from Disk to
Disk

\medskip

\ni You can COPY FILEDESCRIPTOR,FILEDESCRIPTOR leaving out the V(olume)
     and PRI currently set, for the appropriate file, and this works
     DISK$>$DISK.  You can leave the DISKs off if both files are on the
     same disk.  You have to delete the old FILEDESCRIPTOR otherwise you
     will have two copies of the file.

\vfill
\eject

\begin{tabular}{ll}
MA FX16:,OFF        &Mark FX16 off      (system console)\\
                    &      \\
MA FX16:,ON,,CD=ALL &Mark FX16 on       (  "       "   )\\
                    &      \\
OFF - mark off all discs except SYS& (  "       "   )\\
                    &      \\
ON will mark on discs&                  (  "       "   )\\
                    &      \\
PRINT FILE.EXT     & Prints file on LP\\
                    &      \\
.MTM REM VDU3: &if MTM has a VDU which you want to remove\\
                    & (system console)\\
                    &      \\
     REN VDU3:,TEK1:&  say to rename                      (  "       "   )\\
                    &      \\
     ADD VDU3: &if you wish to introduce a third VDU      (  "       "   )\\
                    &      \\
SE TI DD/MM/YY,HH:MM:SS& to set computer time\\
                    &      \\
SE PRI n& sets the private account number\\
                    &      \\
STOPALL & stops all activity in Computer          (system console)\\
                    &      \\
STARTALL& restarts .MTM and other essential tasks (  "       "   )\\
                    &      \\
V&  tells you what volume loaded\\
                    &      \\
V OBS & loads VOLUME OBS\\
                    &      \\
\end{tabular}

\ni To analyse a strange magnetic tape  MTANAL  MAG1:  (or 2)

\ni To copy from a magnetic tape which you have just MTANAL-ed:


\ni COPY MAG1:,FILE.EXT,RECL=xx,NF=1,SKIP=yy (default 0)
     If you don't want to SKIP omit this descriptor entirely
     SKIP=0 gives you an error
     NF=ALL copies the whole tape into the file specified

\ni COMPILE, FORTRAN AND LINK

\ni To Compile a FORTRAN Program and display the process on the Terminal
 
    FORT FILE,CON:

\ni You don't need the .FTN File extension.  You can direct the output to the
printer by

     FORT FILE,LP:

\ni or if you are confident you can omit the output altogether.
\medskip
\ni Exactly the same applies to LINKing

     LINK FILE,CON:

\ni If you have several files to LINK you can put them in a FILE.LNK file and
the LINK will find this file without further instruction.
\ni After successful compile and link then

     LO FILE

     ST

\subsubsection {FASTBACK}  

     This is a quick and efficient method of backing up discs and
     transporting data.  It is very economic of tape but can be read only
     by other Perkin-Elmer machines with OS32 so don't take your data
     home this way unless you have a PE at home.  Fastback works disc to
     tape or contrariwise.  If you intend to work tape to disc remove the
     "write protect" ring from your tape or a minute's inattention may
     corrupt an irreplaceable tape.

     The commands for FASTBACK are, at any VDU after SIGNON

\medskip

     LO FASTBACK

     *ST

     $>$ BA for disc to tape

       RES for tape to disc

     $>$ Copy from unprotected disc? Y(ES)

     $>$ Vol or DEVN: e.g. SYS:

     $>$ Tape MAG1: or MAG2:

     $>$ ! GO will transfer all the files on the tape or disc, and verify.

     
     If you wish to you can work through the options but you can !GO at
     any time you wish to abandon this approach.

     If you only want a selection of tapes then type @ which allows you
     to select files from the Console.  Run through the Q and A taking
     the default option at every line until you are prompted for a list
     of files.  You can either type in a list of files followed by dot
     slash "./" or use wild cards like "-. FTN", "HSP.-" or "-.-/60"
     followed by "./".  REN = -.-/60 allows you to change the account
     number.  Alternatively if you want to omit the -.OBJ files for
     instance then (!-.OBJ/-) - but first you must have requested all
     files.

     To BAckup files since a certain date, go through questions and
     answers until you get


     $>$ DEFAULT AGE  answer = Y $<$cr$>$

     $>$ SInce = 18/APR/84

     $>$ !GO

     {\bf If you wish to abandon at any stage, send STOP.}

     FASTBACK doesn't work from disc to disc and you have to use BACKUP
     instead

     LO BACKUP

     ST, I=RM5A:,0=RM5B:,LI=CON:,VER[,SEL=CON:]

     to copy for example for an RM5A: to RM5B:, listing on console,
     verify, [,selected files typed in on console, ending "./"

     Be sure to LABEL TAPE with the DATE and whether FASTBACK or BACKUP.
\subsection {CLOSING DOWN THE PE3210}

\begin{enumerate}
\item  SIGNOFF at all terminals

\item  STOPALL at Systems Terminal

\item  OFF at Systems terminal and wait for about six lines of messages.

\item  MA EGLE:,OFF
\end{enumerate}

\subsection { CAMAC  }

     The CAMAC branch crate is intended for private instruments
     as well as common user ones.  If you want to use CAMAC in this way
     please consult the local staff or those at Herstmonceux.  They will
     advise on what is or isn't possible and make sure that nothing is
     done to prejudice the common user instruments.  Before removing or
     inserting a CAMAC module always
\begin{enumerate}

     \item  Close Down the PE3210
     \item  Switch off CAMAC crate
     \item  Remove or insert modules, then
     \item  Switch on CAMAC
     \item  Warmstart the 3210
     \item  When all discs marked on, SIGNON as required.
\end{enumerate}
\vfill
\eject

\section { THE TV ACQUISITION CAMERA                  }


\subsection { INTRODUCTION AND WARNINGS}

     The acquisition and guide box (A \& G) currently used on the JKT
features a travelling flat mirror which when in place directs the
telescope beam to a high gain TV camera. This is a very powerful system
in many senses of the word and so care must be taken in its use. The best
way to ensure that you do not damage the TV and what is more get the most
out of its facilities is to READ THE REST OF THIS SECTION which is an
expanded version of Dave Thorne's original guide.    

\medskip

%\hline

%\hline

\medskip
****WARNING*********WARNING********WARNING********WARNING****
\medskip

     The very high-gain TV camera can be quickly and permanently DAMAGED
BY OVER- ILLUMINATION. Do not, therefore, operate the TV until you have
read all of this Section and preferably have also been shown how to use
it. 

\medskip
****WARNING*********WARNING********WARNING********WARNING****
\medskip

%\hline

%\hline



\subsection { LOOKING AFTER THE SAFETY OF THE TV}

\begin{enumerate}
  \item Ensure that all dome lights, including torches, are  turned off
     before turning on the camera.   The fluorescent lights are interlocked
     so that they cannot damage the TV but not so the variable Tungsten
     lamps controlled from outside the control room door.    

 \item Always view a field in DIRECT mode first, NEVER in AVERAGE.

\item Turn the gain up SLOWLY: there is a lag of about 3 seconds between
     operating the gain control and the full effect being seen. 

 \item Never do a long integration with a bright star in the field.

  \item Always turn the camera gain off BEFORE MOVING the telescope.  You
     just never know which first-magnitude star is lurking around the
     corner.

 \item DO NOT TWIDDLE knobs at random. Think about what you are doing and
     if you don't understand some function look it up in the manual
     (here!).  

\item  If in doubt, press the FREEZE button and turn the gain down.  This
     ensures that the TV read beam is not blanked and therefore any over-
     illumination is discharged.  Other panic measures, e.g. hitting the
     red OFF button, do not guarantee this and so should be avoided.  It
     is always safer to turn the gain control to its clicked-off position
     than to operate the OFF button.
\end{enumerate}

\subsection { POWERING UP THE TV SYSTEM}

     The TV control box is at present in Bay 1  of the telescope control
console. There are two monitors associated with the TV. The first is the
'raw video' monitor which is on top of the control console and secondly
there is the all-singing, all-dancing Grinnell monitor which is
incorporated into the control console to the left of the main GD4K
display.  Below the Grinnell monitor is an array of feature-selection
buttons. These are described in detail in Section 6.4. The final piece of
hardware in the TV system is a joystick controller box which normally
resides on the telescope control console desk - or nearby. 

      Nowadays the TV Camera is mostly used with the CCD Camera.   Typing
TV at the instrumentation computer will bring the TV flat in, in about
seven seconds.   Similarly it can be removed by typing CCD.   The TV
flat's position can be seen on the MIMIC display.

     Another use for the TV Camera is with the People's Photometer
where it is mounted so as to view the rear of the Photometer
apertures.   Different aperture plates can be mounted and selected
under pneumatic control from the instrumentation computer in about
a second.   It is usual to leave one aperture plate position 
empty so that the TV can view a field of about 3x4 arcmins for
acquisition.

     The TV can also be used with the old A \& G Box, now mostly
confined to the Richardson-Brealey spectrograph.   
The old A \& G box control box is available at the desk.  Only two of the
illuminated double-action switches are relevant to the operation of the
TV. The first from the left on the top row ACQN/COMP MIRROR (IN/OUT) is
used to move the flat mirror into or out of the beam. The movement takes
approximately 15 secs each way. Successful parking of the mirror is
indicated by the ACQN/COMP switch which illuminates either IN or OUT.
While the mirror is in motion, the adjacent PROBE MOVING switch will
illuminate.  
 
\vfill
\eject

To operate the system follow these steps:  

\begin{enumerate}

\item   Make sure all lights are out in the dome.

\item   Turn on the power to the two monitors of the TV system and let them
     warm up, so that you can see if any image is on the TV camera.

\item   Ensure that the gain control of the TV control box is turned fully
     off (turn anti-clockwise until it clicks).

\item   Press the black ON power button on the control box.  The two lights
     labelled DELAY \& RESET will come on. Wait (about 15 secs) until they go
     out and the green ON light comes on.  If RESET does not go out,
     press OFF, check step (3) and try again.   If these lights are still
     reluctant to go off a gentle anti-clockwise turn on the gain control
     switch will usually do the job.

\item   The TV control box has two scan reverse toggle switches (which allow
     the orientation of the TV display to be changed to match finding
     charts for example.) Initially, however, they can be used to test
     the status of the system. When the monitors are powered up, and
     adjusted in brightness to give a visible background, switching the
     toggle switches will, if the system is OK, result in the bright edge
     of the TV cathode traversing the screen. If this is not seen then
     check the monitor brightness settings.  If there is still no
     response then call for help.

\item   Depress the ACQN/COMP button on the A \& G controller to move the
     flat mirror into the beam.   With the CCD Camera type 'TV' and with
     People's Photometer select the particular aperture position.

\end{enumerate}

\subsection { FURTHER SAFETY RULES}

\begin{enumerate}
\item   Before viewing a source, select the DIRECT viewing mode on the
     Grinnell buttons.    

\item   When pointing at a field, even if you know it only contains 18th
     magnitude objects, turn up the gain SLOWLY whilst observing the
     effects on the direct (raw video) TV camera monitor.   

\item   As the object or field of interest appears on the direct screen,
adjust the gain control to give a sensible picture on the Grinnell
     monitor.  

\item   If the gain control reaches maximum without ill-effects on the
     direct screen and further gain is required, then select AVERAGE mode
     on the Grinnell and adjust the number of frames of integration ONE
     step at a time waiting between steps to see the resultant image.
     When the Grinnell is in the AVERAGE mode, the direct monitor will
     flash the integrated signal with a period equal to the integration
     time.    

     Finally, at the risk of being boring, be EXTREMELY CAREFUL ON BRIGHT
STARS - if an object looks too bright in the monitor then it IS too
bright so turn down the gain p.d.q.  
\end{enumerate}

\subsection {  THE GRINNELL TV CONTROLS}

     The main 3x3 block of controls reading left to right and top to
bottom have the following functions:     

\begin{enumerate}
\item   AVERAGE -      Recursively filters on-target integrations. On-target
                    integrations are selected by the INTEGRATION rotary
                    switch.   

\item   T-INT        - ON-target summation of 2**n frames. Selected via the
                    INTEGRATION rotary switch.

\item   DIRECT       - Real time digitisation at normal frame rates.

\item   FILL         - Fills in the alternate lines of a stationary (FROZEN)
                    picture. Considerably improves the appearance of
                    faint, extended objects.  

\item   FREEZE       - Freezes the current picture.  

\item   HARDCOPY     - Put up full screen crosswire.

\item   OVERLAY-ONE  - Enables/disables the first graphics overlay plane
                    (i.e. the border, the orientation and the scale). 

\item   OVERLAY-TWO  - Enables/disables the second graphics overlay plane
                    (i.e. the integration, tau, background and contrast
                    information).

\item   ARCHIVE      - Not yet implemented.
\end{enumerate}

\ni  The three rotary switches below the panel buttons act as follows  
\medskip

\ni {\bf INTEGRATION}  - The absolute position of this switch determines the
                    number of frames of integration.

\medskip

\ni {\bf BACKGROUND}   - Makes the background blacker or whiter.  There is no
                    absolute position, the effect is determined by the
                    direction and number of steps moved.
\medskip

\ni  {\bf CONTRAST}     - As for the BACKGROUND switch but it controls the
                    contrast i.e. softens or enhances.

     Off to the left of the rotary switches are three more push buttons
labelled MENU, SELECT and RESET. Pressing the MENU button will freeze the
image and cause page 1 of a 2-page image processing menu to be displayed.
A cursor is also displayed and may be positioned on the menu by multiple
depressions of the SELECT button. The joystick may be used instead of the
SELECT key for menu selection if preferred. The joystick controller box
also contains the buttons to enable and disable the movement of any
displayed cursor. Press the ENTER button on the joystick controller to
enter the menu selection. The functions available from the menu are
described in Section 6.5.  The RESET button causes a complete reset of
the system - all overlays etc will be lost.

\subsection {  FUNCTIONS AVAILABLE FROM THE GRINNELL MENU}

     When the menu is displayed on the Grinnell TV monitor, move the
cursor to the function required and press the ENTER button on the
joystick controller to process the selection.  When the function selected
requires further positional information, up to 4 cursors can be enabled
on the screen depending on the function.  When they appear they may well
be overlaid and so only appear as one. On the joystick controller the
cursor switches determine which cursor(s) the joystick will control at
any one time (for these switches, UP is ON). Once the cursors have been
positioned as desired, ensure that at least cursor switch 1 is ON, and
then press ENTER again to initiate the processing. A quick guide to the
menu is given overleaf:                    
\vfill
\eject
\begin{tabular}{ll}
1. DRAW RESTRICTED PROFILE  -& Requires TWO cursors to be positioned in\\
                               & either the X or Y plane and draws the\\
                               & profile of the data contained in the\\
                               & displayed image between the 2 cursor\\
                               & points. At the start the cursors are\\
                               & overlaid. This function is used for\\
                               & seeing estimates as it gives the FWHM of\\
                               & a star image in arcsecs.  The profile is\\
                               & automatically erased when DIRECT is\\
                               & pressed.\\
                               &\\
2. SET PHOTOMETER APERTURE & - Enables the size of a circle which can be\\
                               & used to mark photometer apertures to be\\
                               & set numerically.  The size (in arc\\
                               & seconds is displayed in the bottom right\\
                               & hand corner of the screen).  The default\\
                               & value is 14"\\
                               &\\
                               & To change this value\\
                               &   i)  Put FUN B UP\\
                               &  ii)  Put FUN A UP to increase the\\
                               & aperture size, DOWN to decrease.\\
                               & iii)  Press ENTER n times.  This will\\
                               & result in a change of n arcsecs.  Limits\\
                               & of 5 and 30 arcseconds have been set.\\
                               &  iv)  To exit, press ENTER with both FUN\\
                               & A \& B DOWN.\\
                               &\\
                               & The set value will be retained until\\
                               & specifically changed.\\
                               &\\
3. DRAW PHOTOMETER APERTURE~~~~~& - i)  Move cursor 1 to the required\\
                               & position.\\
                               & ii)  Press ENTER\\
                               & Multiple cursors can be drawn (without\\
                               & going back to MENU) by ensuring that FUN\\
                               & A or B is UP.  A single aperture is drawn\\
                               & if both are down and this is also the\\
                               & exit mode.\\
                               & Apertures have to be specifically eased\\
                               & using ERASE OVERLAY.\\
                               &\\
4. CALCULATE MAGNITUDE&      - Requires one cursor to be positioned over\\
                               & the object, and displays the integrated\\
                               & magnitude of the object.  There is an\\
                               & arbitrary zero point for the magnitude\\
                               & scale.\\
                               &\\
5. DRAW CCD O/L                &draws the outline of the CCD chip on the\\
                               &TV screen

\end{tabular}
\vfill
\eject
\begin{tabular}{ll}
6. CALCULATE DISTANCE&       - Calculates the distance in arcsecs\\
                               & between 2 cursor positions.  \\
                               &\\
7. INITIALISE                  & - Initialises the TV system. No cursors.\\
                               & Resets Parameters to f/15 focus.\\
                               &\\
8. ERASE ALPHANUMERICS&      - Clears the areas of the overlay planes\\
                               & used for displaying information.\\
                               &\\
9. ERASE OVERLAY     &       - Erases overlay plane number 2.\\
                               &\\
10. ERASE IMAGE       &       - Erases the image plane.  \\
                               &\\
11. ERASE PROFILE     &       - Erases that area of overlay used to\\
                               & display the profiles.\\
                               &\\
12. NEXT PAGE ...     &       - Displays the second page of the menu\\
                               & which consists of ... \\
                               &\\
13. TEST PATTERN 0,1,2,3 &    - Displays the Grinnell test patterns.\\
                               &\\
14. ERASE TEST PATTERNS&      - Erases a test pattern.\\
                               &\\
15. INTEGRATION PARAMETERS~~~~~~ &  - Displays the current integration parameters\\
                               & (i.e.the status of the  rotary switches).\\
                               &\\
16. DRAW SLIT         &       - Requires all 4 cursors to be positioned\\
                               & independently and then joins them up.\\
                               & Intended to be used for marking slits,\\
                               & but can be used to draw any\\
                               & quadrilateral.\\
                               &\\
17. DRAW CIRCLE                &- Requires 2 cursors to be positioned to\\
                               & define the diameter of a circle which is\\
                               & then drawn.  Useful for defining the\\
                               & position of photometer apertures.    \\
                               &\\
18. DRAW BOX          &       - Two cursors are enabled which are used to\\
                               & define the side of a rhombus. The line\\
                               & joining the two points must have a\\
                               & positive gradient in the X-Y plane of the\\
                               & screen.  If the 2 cursors have the same Y\\
                               & position, they will define the top side\\
                               & of a square. If they have the same X\\
                               & position, they define the left hand side\\
                               & of a square.
\end{tabular}
\vfill
\eject
\begin{tabular}{ll}
19. ZOOM              &       - Zoom factors are determined by the state\\
                               & of the function switches FUN A \& FUN B on\\
                               & the cursor controller.  Setting one or\\
                               & both of these switches followed by ENTER\\
                               & causes a new zoom factor to become\\
                               & operational.  The factors are :     \\
                               &\\
                               & FUN A set, zoom = 4\\
                               & FUN B set, zoom = 2\\
                               & FUN A+B set, zoom = 8\\
                               &\\
                               & The zoomed image can be panned via the\\
                               & joystick. To exit from zoom, turn both\\
                               & function (FUN) switches off (down) and\\
                               & press ENTER.  This facility requires the\\
                               & TRACK switch to be up (on).\\
                               &\\
20. F/8 FOCUS ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ & - Changes the scale of the 
displayed image\\
                               & to correspond to the scale at the F/8\\
                               & focus.    Never needed as there is no TV\\
                               & at f/8.  To return to f/15 do a MENU\\
                               & initialise.\\
                               &\\
21. FINDER            &       - As above but for the finder telescope.\\
                               & (irrelevant for the JKT)
\end{tabular}

\subsection { COMPLETE RESTART OF THE TV CONTROL SYSTEM}

     If the TV system has been completely shutdown then check that the
following units are on.

\begin{enumerate}
\item   The large Grinnell systems unit at the base of the CAMAC rack (power
     switch bottom left).

\item   The Westinghouse camera control unit (front switch).

\item   The rack immediately below (2) - power switch at the back.
\end{enumerate}
     The camera control software is now held in ROM and the only
startup/reset procedure consists of pressing the RESET button on the
Grinnell control panel.
\vfill
\eject
\section {  TELESCOPE USER INTERFACE}

\subsection { INTRODUCTION}

\subsubsection {  Background}

The telescope user interface is used for two main purposes: the ENTRY OF
DATA which are then transferred to the on-line part of the control system
by the action of pressing a button on the system control panel and the
CHANGING OF OPERATING MODES.   At present, the philosophy is that no action
occurs until a button is pressed, except for the two most commonly used
commands (GO and STOP) which can be issued either from the user interface
or from the control panel.   It is likely that all of the button functions
will eventually be duplicated within the user interface, but a clear
distinction between data input and action will remain.   For example, the
operations of entering the RA and Dec of an object and slewing to it are
separate.   An operating mode determines the way in which the control
system responds to a command, for instance whether the telescope or guide
probe is moved during autoguider acquisition or whether an object is to be
observed with the JKT East or West of its pier.
 
\subsubsection {  Starting the Program}

Section 4 describes the commands needed to start the telescope control
software.    Successful starting results in the User Interface displaying
the name of the telescope.

The user interface program is ready to accept input when the terminal
prompts with 

     UI-$>$ 
 
In what follows, words in capital letters represent commands.  These are
abbreviable to at most 3 letters.   In the text, commands are given in
full, but the permissible abbreviations are listed in section 2.2.

\subsubsection {  How the program deals with input}

Character strings separated by spaces are entered at the User Console and
sent to the program USER by pressing RETURN.  USER's command processor
first attempts to identify the first string as a command name by comparing
it with its internal dictionary of such names.    If it is successful in
making a match, one of two things may happen:  a command which does not
take any arguments (e.g. GO) is executed immediately; however, if the
command takes arguments (e.g. RA), the program will go on processing the
input line until the requisite number of acceptable arguments have been
analysed, at which time the command is executed.  If the input line is not
exhausted the next character string delimited by spaces is processed in the
same manner.  When the command processor is not able to match a character
string with a command name, the program outputs a message 
and ignores the rest of the input
line. 
Commands may have up to 7 qualifiers and 5 parameters.   Most require a
control panel button to be pushed for any action to occur.   The full
specification of an action could therefore be of the form: 

\vspace{3 MM}

     UI-$>$COMMAND/QUALIFIER PARM1 PARM2 

\vspace{3 MM}

followed by pressing a control panel button.  Note that occasionally
parameters are associated with only one qualifier. Section 2.2 gives a complete
list of commands, their qualifiers, parameters and any required control
panel interaction. For all commands which take qualifiers the first given
is the default.    If the user interface requires a parameter which has
not been specified it will request it with the prompt:

\vspace{3 mm}

    UI-Parm$>$ 

\vspace{3 mm}

If you have changed your mind and don't want to give a value,
just press Return and the old value is kept.
\subsubsection { Catalogue entries}

There is an internal catalogue containing the names, positions and guide 
star references for up to 500 objects.   The user deals with 3 special
entries: the EDIT source is the catalogue entry whose parameters (RA, Dec,
equinox, proper motions, guide object) are presently being modified; the
CURRENT source is the object being observed and the NEXT source is the
object that will be observed when the TELESCOPE-DOME SOURCE button is
pressed or the GO command is typed (at which point it also becomes the
CURRENT source). Modifications to the CURRENT source's parameters do not
affect the operation of the telescope directly.   This is only altered when
a button is pressed or GO is typed, in which case the parameters of the
NEXT source are always picked up.   When a new catalogue entry is defined
using the SOURCE command, it automatically becomes the EDIT source. 

\subsection { SUMMARY OF COMMANDS}

\begin{tabular}{llll}
\multicolumn{1}{l}{COMMAND}             & \multicolumn{1}{l}{QUALIFIERS}
 &  \multicolumn{1}{l}{PARAMETER}  & \multicolumn{1}{l}{CONSOLE BUTTON}\\
                    &                   &                    &               \\
SO(URCE)            & /I(NPUT)          &  sourcename        & None          \\
                    & /MA(RK)           &  sourcename        & None          \\
\hline
                    &                   &                    &               \\
AC(QUIRE)           & /PR(OBE)          &  None              & Autoguider AG \\
                    & /TE(LESCOPE)      &                    &               \\
\hline
                    &                   &                    &               \\
AD(VISE)            & /S(OURCE)         &  sourcename        & None          \\
                    & /E(DIT)           &  None              & None          \\
                    & /N(EXT)           &  None              & None          \\
                    & /CU(RRENT)        &                    & None          \\
                    & /T(EL)            &  None              & None          \\
                    & /CAT              &  None              & None          \\
                    & /UI               &  None              & None          \\
\hline
                    &                   &                    &               \\
AP(ERTURE)          & /A                &  x  y              & BEAMSWITCH    \\
                    & /B                &  x  y              & either        \\
                    &                   &  (both arcsec)     & NOM, A or B   \\
\hline
                    &                   &                    &               \\
AU(TOFFSET)         & /B(OTH)           & RA Dec Offsets     & None          \\
                    & /R(A)             & RA     Offset      &               \\
                    & /D(EC)            &    Dec Offset      &               \\
\hline
                    &                   &                    &               \\
B(EAMSWITCH)        & /A                &                    & BEAMSWITCH    \\
                    & /B                &                    & either        \\
                    &                   &                    & NOM, A or B   \\
\hline
                    &                   &                    &               \\
D(EC)               & None              & +/- dd mm ss.s     & None          \\
\hline
                    &                   &                    &               \\
DEL(ETE)            & /F(ROM)           & source1 source2    &               \\
                    &                   &                    &               \\
                    & /A(LL)            &                    &               \\
                    & /S(EQ)            & seq.no 1 seq.no 2  &               \\
\hline
                    &                   &                    &               \\
DIF(F\_RATES)       & /B(OTH)           & RA Dec Rates       &               \\ 
                    & /R(A) ........... &  rate in secs/sec  & Differential  \\
                    &                   &                    & track         \\
                    & /D(EC)........... &  rate in arcsec/sec&               \\
\hline
                    &                   &                    &               \\
E(DIT)              &                   & sourcename         &               \\
\hline
                    &                   &                    &               \\
E(QUINOX)           & None              & B/J date in years  & None          \\
                    &                   & or A = apparent    &               \\
\hline
                    &                   &                    &               \\
F(OCUS)             & None              &  focus position    & FOCUS NOMINAL \\
                    &                   &  in mms            &               \\
\hline
                    &                   &                    &               \\
GO(TO)              & /N(EXT)           &  none              &  equivalent   \\
                    &                   &                    &  to Telescope/\\
                    &                   &                    &  Dome Source  \\
                    & /SO(URCE)         &                    &               \\
                    &                   &                    &               \\
\end{tabular}
\vfill
\eject
\vspace{5mm}
\begin{tabular}{ll}
\multicolumn{1}{l}{EXPLANATION OF COMMAND}& \multicolumn{1}{c}{EXPLANATION
 OF PARAMETERS}\\
&\\
Define a new catalogue entry &/ replaces . -makes new entry in catalogue  \\
                             & / takes RA and Dec from telescope position \\
\hline
                             &                                            \\
Acquire star by              & / moving guide probe                       \\
                             & / moving telescope                         \\
\hline
                             &                                            \\
Give parameters of the       & / named source                             \\
                             & / edit source                              \\
                             & / next source to be observed               \\
                             & / source currently being observed          \\
                             & / telescope (Replaces T(EL))               \\
Lists names in catalogue     & / Replaces SHOW/CAT                        \\
Gives parameters of the      & / USER                                     \\
\hline
                             &                                            \\
Set up collimation offset for& / aperture A                               \\
                             & / aperture B                               \\
                             &                                            \\
\hline
                             &                                            \\
Moves telescope by required  & / RA Dec both arcsec                       \\
offset and guide probes in   & / RA                                       \\
reverse                      & / Dec                                      \\
\hline
                             &                                            \\
Set up collimation offset for& / aperture A                               \\
                             & / aperture B                               \\
                             & (synonym for APERTURE)                     \\
\hline
                             &                                            \\
Declination of edit source is&                                            \\
\hline
                             &                                            \\
Deletes (replaces CLEAR)     & / from source1 to source2 (if source2      \\
                             & / omitted deletes only source1)            \\
                             & / deletes whole catalogue                  \\
                             & / from seq no 1 to seq no 2                \\
\hline
                             &                                            \\
Non-sidereal tracking rate   & / in Both is                               \\
                             & / in RA is                                 \\
                             & / (Replaces DI(FFERENTIAL-RATE)            \\
                             & / in Dec is                                \\
\hline
                             &                                            \\
Selects given source as the  & / Edit source                              \\
\hline
                             &                                            \\
The equinox for coordinates is  & Byear or Jyear (Mean) or A=(apparent)   \\
                             & (Replaces APPARENT and MEAN/B,MEAN/J)      \\
\hline
                             &                                            \\
Requested focus position is  &                                            \\
 & \\ 
\hline
                             &                                            \\
Slew telescope and dome to the NEXT object& (same as GO) \\
                             &                                            \\
                             &                                            \\
                             & GO to sourcename !NOT TESTED!              \\
\end{tabular}
\vfill
\eject
\begin{tabular}{llll}        
\multicolumn{1}{l}{COMMAND}   & \multicolumn{1}{l}{QUALIFIERS}
 &  \multicolumn{1}{l}{PARAMETER}  & \multicolumn{1}{l}{CONSOLE BUTTON}\\
                    &                   &                    &               \\
GU(IDE-OBJECT)      & None              &  object name       & A \& G         \\
                    &                   &                    & autoguider    \\
\hline
                    &                   &                    &               \\
HA(NDSET)           & /A(LL)            & setrate,guiderate  & Control Panel \\
                    &                   & increment          & Handset or    \\
                    & /S(ET)   .......  &  arcsec/sec        & Buttons       \\
                    & /G(UIDE) .......  &  rates in          &               \\
                    & /I(NCREMENT) ...  &  increment step    &               \\
                    &                   &  in arcsec         &               \\
\hline
                    &                   &                    &               \\
H(ELP)              & None              &  command name/     & None          \\
                    &                   &  qualifier         &               \\
\hline
                    &                   &                    &               \\
I(NPUT)             & /N(ORMAL)         &  file name         & None          \\
                    & /P(ROMPT)         &  device name       &               \\
\hline
                    &                   &                    &               \\
L(IST)              & /A(LL)            &                    &               \\
                    & /F(ROM) ......... & source1 source2    & None          \\
                    & /PR(INTER)        &                    &               \\
\hline
                    &                   &                    &               \\
N(EXT)              & /NA(ME) ........  &  source name       & Telescope/    \\
                    &                   &                    & Source button \\
                    &                   &                    & or GO command \\
                    & /SEQ(UENCE) ....  &  sequence number   &               \\
\hline
                    &                   &                    &       \\
O(FFSET)            & /B(OTH)           &  RA Dec Offsets    &               \\
                    & /R(A)             &  offsets in arcsecs& OFFSET(nominal)\\
                    & /D(EC)            &                    &      or offset
)\\
\hline
                    &                   &                    &               \\
P(ROPER\_MOTION)    & /B(OTH)           &  pm RA,Dec         & None          \\
                    & /R(A)             &  proper motion     &               \\
                    &                   &         (s/yr)     &               \\
                    & /D(EC)            &  proper motion     &               \\
                    &                   &    (arcsec/yr)     &               \\
\hline
                    &                   &                    &               \\
R(A)                & None              &  hh mm ss.s        & None          \\
\hline
                    &                   &                    &               \\
SA(VE)              & None              &  file name         & None          \\
\hline
                    &                   &                    &               \\
SC(AN)              & /ALL              &  5 values on 1 line& SCAN/TRAIL    \\
                    & /D(URATION) ....  &  total time in     &               \\
                    &                   &  secs of scan      &               \\
                    & /L(ENGTH)   ....  &  length of line    &
START/CONTINUE\\
                    &                   &  in arcsecs        &
HOLD,BACK,ABORT\\
                    & /A(NGLE)    ....  &  PA of lines       &               \\
                    &                   &  in degrees        & SCAN/TRAIL    \\
                    & /N(UMBER)   ....  &  number of lines   &               \\
                    &                   &  in scan           &               \\
                    & /S(EPARATION) ..  &  separation between&               \\
                    &                   &  lines in arcsec   &               \\
                    &                   &                    &               \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\vfill
\eject
\begin{tabular}{ll}
\multicolumn{1}{l}{EXPLANATION OF COMMAND}& \multicolumn{1}{c}{EXPLANATION OF 
PARAMETERS}\\
&\\
Guide star associated with the edit source is&\\
&\\
\hline
&\\
Handset                     &  / Can give all values on one line          \\
                            &  / setting rate is  (arcsec/sec)            \\
                            &  / guiding rate is  (arcsec/sec)            \\
                            &  / increment is     (arcsec)                \\
                            &                                             \\
                            &                                             \\
\hline
                            &                                             \\
Provide helpful information about a command &                             \\
                            &                                             \\
\hline
                            &                                             \\
Input from file or device   &  / without UI-$>$ prompt                      \\
                            &  / with UI-$>$ prompt                         \\
\hline
                            &                                             \\
List catalogue entries      &  / for whole catalogue                      \\
                            &  / from source1 to source2 on screen        \\
                            &  / to the line printer                      \\
\hline
                            &                                             \\
Next source                 &  / is called                                \\
                            &                                             \\
                            &                                             \\
                            &  / is number                                \\
\hline
                            &                                             \\
Offset                      &  / can give both values on one line         \\
                            &  / in RA is                                 \\
                            &  / in Dec is                                \\
\hline
                            &                                             \\
Proper motion               &  / in both is                               \\
                            &  / in RA is                                 \\
                            &                                             \\
                            &  / in Dec is                                \\
                            &                                             \\
\hline
                            &                                             \\
Right ascension of edit source is &                                       \\
\hline
                            &                                             \\
Save current catalogue to disc&                                           \\
\hline
                            &                                             \\
Raster scan                 &  / Can give all values on one line          \\
                            &  / duration is                              \\
                            &                                             \\
                            &  / line length is                           \\
                            &                                             \\
                            &  / position angle is                        \\
                            &                                             \\
                            &  / no of lines is                     \\
                            &  / number of lines is                       \\
                            &                                             \\
                            &  / separation between lines is              \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\vfill
\eject
\begin{tabular}{llll}
\multicolumn{1}{l}{COMMAND}             & \multicolumn{1}{l}{QUALIFIERS}
 &  \multicolumn{1}{l}{PARAMETER}  & \multicolumn{1}{l}{CONSOLE BUTTON}\\

                    &                   &                    &                \\
                    &                   &                    &               \\
SE(T)               & /LST              &  hh mm ss          &               \\
                    & /UT               &  hh mm ss          &               \\
                    & /NOW              &                    &               \\
\hline
                    &                   &                    &               \\
SN(AFU)             & /N(OMINAL)        &  None              & Handset/guider\\
                    & /A                &                    & button and    \\
                    & /B                &                    & ACKNOWLEDGE   \\
\hline
                    &                   &                    &               \\
STOP                & None              &  None              & None          \\
\hline
                    &                   &                    &               \\
T(ELESCOPE)         & /O(VER-POLE)      &  None              & None          \\
                    & /U(NDER-POLE)     &                    &               \\
                    & /E(AST)           &                    &               \\
                    & /W(EST)           &                    &               \\
\hline
                    &                   &                    &               \\
TR(AIL)             & /ALL              & val val val        &               \\
                    & /D(URATION) ..... &  duration of trail & SCAN/TRAIL    \\
                    &                   &  in secs           & SELECT        \\
                    &                   &                    & SCAN/TRAIL    \\
                    &                   &                    & START,        \\
                    & /L(ENGTH)   ..... &  length in arcsecs & HOLD,BACK,    \\
                    &                   &                    & CONTINUE      \\
                    & /A(NGLE)    ..... &  position angle in &               \\
                    &                   &  degrees           &               \\
\hline
                    &                   &                    &               \\
Z(EROSET)           & /A(UTO)           &                    &               \\
                    & /M(ANUAL)         &                    &               \\
\hline
\hline
\end{tabular}
\vfill
\eject
\begin{tabular}{ll}
\multicolumn{1}{l}{EXPLANATION OF COMMAND}& \multicolumn{1}{c}{EXPLANATION OF 
PARAMETERS}\\
&\\
                            &                                             \\
                            &  / set the sidereal time used by  ADVISE \\
                            &  / set up UT for ADVISE                \\
                            &  / ADVISE will use current time\\
\hline
                            &                                             \\
Set                         &  / collimation errors in HA and Dec     \\
                            &  / aperture offset for aperture A           \\
                            &  / aperture offset for aperture B           \\
\hline
                            &                                             \\
Stop the telescope and dome &                                             \\
\hline
                            &                                             \\
Telescope to work           &  / above the  Pole (INT - default)      \\
                            &  / below the Pole (INT)                     \\
                            &  / East of the pier (JKT - default)     \\
                            &  / West of the pier (JKT)                   \\
\hline
                            &                                             \\
Trail                       &  / can give all values on one line          \\
                            &  / duration is                              \\
                            &                                             \\
                            &                                             \\
                            &                                             \\
                            &  / length on sky is                         \\
                            &                                             \\
                            &  / position angle is                        \\
                            &                                             \\
\hline
                            &                                             \\
Zeroset drive encoders      & replaces SET/ZERO - NOT DEBUGGED            \\
                            &                                             \\
\hline
\hline
\end{tabular}
\vfill
\eject

\subsection { DETAILS OF INDIVIDUAL COMMANDS}
                   
   Remember the on-line help facility; in most cases it will
solve your problem more quickly than searching in the manual.

\ni {\bf * (text)}

In a line of input to the user interface, all characters
following an asterisk are ignored by the command processor.
In prepared or SAVEd files it is often useful to indicate
the purpose or significance of the commands that follow,
to flag and date amendments or to indicate the source of the
data values appearing as arguments of commands.   Comments may
be in blocks of lines, each with an asterisk in column 1, or
as in-line comments following a command and its argument.

At the console the text is ignored and the user is prompted
for further input;  in a file the command processor ignores
the text and moves on to interpret the next line.

There are no qualifiers.

\medskip
\ni {\bf .(SOURCE)}

is now obsolete and has been replaced by SO(URCE).
\medskip
 
\ni {\bf AC(QUIRE)}
 
defines the autoguider acquisition mode and is used to tell the system
whether to move the guide-probes or the telescope when acquiring a guide
star.
\medskip

     AC(QUIRE)/PR(OBE) moves the guide probes until the guide-star is
centred while the telescope remains fixed (tracking).   It is used when the
object of interest is already positioned in the TV or on the CCD chip and
should stay where it has been put.   The position of the guide star will 
probably not be known very accurately and moving the telescope rather
than the probe would cause the target to move.

     AC(QUIRE)/TE(LESCOPE) moves the telescope to acquire the star while
the guide-probe remains fixed in the focal plane of the telescope.   It
is used when the guide star position is known {\em a priori} ;  either
because it has been observed before and the probe position is known or
because the offset between it and the target has been measured in 
advance.   It is the usual mode for the WFC.

    TRAP FOR OLD PLAYERS.   These two definitions were previously
reversed.
\medskip

\ni {\bf ADVISE}
 
gives details of a source, telescope or UI parameters, or
lists the source-names in the resident catalogue.
\medskip
AD(VISE)/S(OURCE) source-name

gives details of source-name and times to rise and set from
a given time.   This time is input using SET/LST or SET/UT.
If no time has been set, the current time is used.
\medskip

AD(VISE)/E(DIT)

gives details of the edit source and times to rise and set from a 
given time.   This time is input using SET/LST or SET/UT.   If no
time has been set, the current time is used.
\medskip

AD(VISE)/N(EXT)

gives details of the next source and times to rise and set from a 
given time.   This time is input using SET/LST or SET/UT.   If no
time has been set, the current time is used.
\medskip


AD(VISE)/CU(RRENT) 

gives details of the current source and times to rise and set from a 
given time.   This time is input using SET/LST or SET/UT.   If no
time has been set, the current time is used.
\medskip
     
AD(VISE)/T(EL)

gives all telescope parameters such as SET/GUIDE/INCREMENT rates,
offsets, focus position and the like.
\medskip

AD(VISE)/CAT

gives a list of the source-names and sequence-numbers in the resident
catalogue.
\medskip

AD(VISE)/UI

gives co-ordinates of the edit, current and next sources, acquisition
and telescope modes and the time set by SET.
\medskip
\vfill
\eject
 
\ni {\bf AP(ERTURE)/A} x y (arcsecs)   sets aperture A
\ni {\bf AP(ERTURE)/B} x y (arcsecs)   sets aperture B

sets up aperture offsets defined in an X-Y coordinate system fixed in the
instrument rotator.   These can be used, for example, to locate an object
within a particular aperture or detector pixel.  An aperture offset is
executed by pushing one of the beamswitch buttons on the control desk.

If it is required to beam-switch (for example on a two channel photometer),
then the apertures can be set up using the qualifiers /A and /B with
X-Y offsets in arcsecs as input parameters.   The control panel BEAMSWITCH
buttons are then used to select between either aperture or the nominal
position.   If the required aperture offsets are not known {\em a priori}
then the /A and /B qualifiers for SNAFU {\em (q.v.)} may be used
to set them up interactively.

APERTURE is applied as a pointing correction, so it is not reflected in the
displayed telescope position: conceptually, applying an aperture offset
causes the SAME object to be observed using a DIFFERENT area of the
instrument whereas an RA/Dec offset causes a DIFFERENT object to be
observed on the SAME part of the detector and therefore causes the
displayed position to change. The RA \& DEC displacements corresponding to a
particular aperture offset will vary with the turntable rotator position
angle (unlike that for an RA/Dec offset, of course), but the displacement
on anything attached to the rotator (TV, CCD, IPCS) will remain constant.
All of the aperture offsets are calculated relative to a nominal aperture
position which is specified in the system startup (.STD) file and
corresponds to an easily visible reference position (the Grinnell
crosswires or the centre pixel of an imaging CCD).  This is because the
reference position does not usually coincide with the rotator axis (which
defines the origin of coordinates).   The displacement between the
reference position and the rotator axis (the base aperture offset) must be
calibrated from time to time. For the INT at prime focus, the reference
point is in the centre of the CCD chip (10 arcmin off-axis), but for the
Cassegrain systems on both telescopes, SNAFU is usually done on the
Grinnell cross wires so the reference aperture offset is set up to be the
(small) difference between the turntable centre of rotation and the
Grinnell cross-wires with the TV in the centre/acquisition position. 
\medskip

\ni {\bf APPARENT}
 
This command has been removed.   See EQUINOX
\medskip

\ni {\bf AUTOFFSET}

AU(TOFFSET)/B(OTH) RA Dec
AU(TOFFSET)/R(A)   RA
AU(TOFFSET)/D(EC)     Dec

sets up the telescope offsets in arcsecs in RA, Dec or both according to the
qualifier.  These are defined in a tangent plane projection centred on the
current position of the telescope.  The telescope begins to move as soon as
 RETURN is pressed. As the telescope moves to the OFFSET the
autoguider automatically follows the reverse vector so that it does not
lose the guide star.
\medskip

\ni {\bf CL(EAR)}
 
has been replaced by DELETE.
\medskip

\ni {\bf CURRENT}

has been removed.
\medskip

\ni {\bf D(EC)}

D(EC) dd mm ss.s

enters the declination for the current edit source.   The format
is degrees minutes seconds.   The seconds and minutes may be omitted
but then the command must be terminated explicitly either by a 
carriage return or by a semi-colon.
   There are no qualifiers.

\medskip

\ni {\bf DELETE}

deletes sources from the catalogue according to the qualifier.

DEL(ETE)/F(ROM) source-name source-name

deletes the sources in the resident catalogue between and including
the given source-names.   If only one sequence number is given,
only that source will be deleted.

DEL(ETE)/A(LL)

deletes all sources in the resident catalogue except the first three;
 .DEFAULT, .GUIDE and .LINK .

DEL(ETE)/S(EQ) sequence-number sequence-number

deletes sources in the resident catalogue between and including the
given sequence numbers.   If only one sequence number is given, only
that source will be deleted.


\ni {\bf DIFF\_RATES}

DIF(F\_RATES)/B(OTH) RA-rate (sec/sec) Dec-rate (arcsec/sec) 

DIF(F\_RATES)/R(A) rate(secs/sec)

DIF(F\_RATES)D(EC) rate(arcsecs/sec)

sets up differential tracking rates in RA,Dec or both (according to
the qualifier).   This will be actioned by pressing the 
DIFFERENTIAL TRACK button on the control panel.   Note that
this mode is switched off upon source change.
\medskip

\ni {\bf DISPLAY}

DIS(PLAY).   This command is not yet implemented.
\medskip

\ni {\bf DOME}

DO(ME) sets up the required dome azimuth.   At present there is
no button to action a dome move, so this command is nugatory.
\medskip

\ni {\bf EDIT}

ED(IT) Source-name

selects the given source as the edit source.
There are no qualifiers
\medskip

\ni {\bf ENABLE}

has been removed.   No commands need to be enabled.
\medskip

\ni {\bf END}

is not implemented.
\medskip

\ni {\bf EQUINOX}

EQ(UINOX) Byear

EQ(UINOX) Jyear

EQ(UINOX) A

sets up the mean co-ordinate system (B for Besselian or J for Julian)
and the equinox (year) for the edit source.   The equinox for 
apparent co-ordinates is assumed to correspond to the current date.
FK4(B1950.0) and FK5(J2000.0) will eventually be supported, but at
the moment only FK4 is implemented.
This command combines the old EQUINOX, MEAN and APPARENT commands.
\medskip

\ni {\bf EPOCH}

EP(OCH) year.y

This command is not yet implemented.   For the time being the EPOCH is
assumed equal to the EQUINOX.
\medskip

\ni {\bf FOCUS}

F(OCUS) position (mm)

Sets the required focus position.   The telescope focus will be
driven to this value when the FOCUS-NOMINAL button on the control
desk is pressed.   The FOCUS-STOP button halts the focus drive.
Once the focus drive has been set it will track to follow any
change in tube temperature.
There are no qualifiers.
\medskip

\ni {\bf GOTO}

GO(TO)

slews the telescope to the NEXT or given source and initiates
tracking.

GO(TO)/N(EXT)

is equivalent to the TS/DOME (SOURCE) button on the control
panel.   It slews the telescope to the NEXT source and initiates
tracking.

GO(TO)/SO(URCE) source-name

slews the telescope to the named source and initiates tracking.
NOT YET TESTED.
\medskip

\ni {\bf GUIDE\_OBJECT}

GU(IDE\_OBJECT) guide-name

defines a guide object for the edit source by linkage to an
existing entry in the catalogue containing the co-ordinates of
the guide star.   When the telescope is slewed to a new source
and the GUIDE TO GUIDE-STAR button is pressed on the SYSTEM CONTROL
 panel, the probes
will drive to the position of the guide object if it is at a 
position.   This procedure is used when the co-ordinates of a 
guide star are known in advance.  
There are no qualifiers.   This command is not yet working on the JKT.
\medskip

\ni {\bf HANDSET}

HA(NDSET)/A(LL) set-rate guide-rate increment

HA(NDSET)/S(ET) set-rate (arcsec/sec)   (0-75)

HA(NDSET)/G(UIDE)        guide-rate (arcsec/sec)

HA(NDSET)/I(NCREMENT)               increment (arcsec)

inputs the set and guide rates and the increment step to be actioned
by the handset and the guide buttons on the control desk.   The
new rate or increment will not be effective until the corresponding 
SET/GUIDE/INCREMENT selector has been pressed.
\medskip

\ni {\bf H(ELP)}
 
H(ELP) Command

provides on-line help information about a specific command from
the file USERHELP.TXT. There are no qualifiers.
\medskip
 
\ni {\bf INPUT}

I(INPUT)

inputs commands from a specified disc file or device.

I(NPUT)/N(ORMAL) file-name

This will normally be a catalogue file but may be a file of user-interface
commands like GO and WAIT in order to set up an observing sequence.
If no extension of the file-name is given then .CAT is assumed.
If a large file is to be input it is advisable to pause the TNHZ task if the
telescope is not tracking.  This  will speed up the input considerably. 
\medskip

I(INPUT)/PROMPT device name:

This is used on startup of the user-interface to select input from
this terminal interactively.
\medskip

\ni {\bf LIST}

L(IST)
 
will list the source names and coordinates from the resident catalogue.

L(IST)/A(LL)

will list the whole resident catalogue to the screen, pausing after
     each page to ask whether more output is wanted.

L(IST)/F(ROM) source1 source2

will list from source1 to source2 on the screen.

L(IST)/PR(INTER)

will list the whole resident catalogue to the line printer.
\medskip
 
\ni {\bf MEAN}
 
has been removed.   See EQUINOX.
 
\medskip

\ni {\bf NEXT}

N(EXT)/NA(ME) source-name

N(EXT)/SEQ(UENCE) sequence-number
 
defines the next source to be observed, selected by name or sequence
number according to the qualifier used. .DEFAULT is number 1,
.GUIDE is number 2 and so on through the catalogue.
\medskip
\vfill
\eject
\ni {\bf OFFSET}

O(FFSET)/B(OTH) RA-Offset Dec-Offset

O(FFSET)/R(A)   RA-Offset (arcsecs)

O(FFSET)/D(EC)            Dec-Offset (arcsec)

sets up the telescope offsets in arcsec in RA,Dec or both
(according to the qualifier).   These are defined in a
tangent-plane projection centred on the
current position of the telescope.   They are actioned by the control panel
OFFSET button.  The OFFSET NOMINAL button will return the telescope to the
original position. The offsets in use are displayed on the information
display. 
\medskip

\ni {\bf PARALLAX}

PA(RALLAX) pi

This command is not yet implemented.
\medskip
 
\ni {\bf PROPER\_MOTION}

P(ROPER\_MOTION)/B(OTH) RA Dec

P(ROPER\_MOTION)/R(A)   RA     (secs/year)
 
P(ROPER\_MOTION)/D(EC)     Dec (arcsec/year)
 
sets the proper motion of the edit source in RA,Dec or both.
The corresponding epoch is assumed to be the same as the equinox.
NOTE THE DIFFERENCE IN UNITS 
\medskip

\ni {\bf RA}

R(A) hh mm ss.s
 
sets up the Right Ascension for the edit source.  This format is hours
minutes seconds.  As with D(EC) the last two are optional but the
command must be terminated with a semi-colon if they are omitted.
There are no qualifiers.
\medskip

\ni {\bf RADIAL\_VEL}

RAD(IAL\_VEL)  rv

This command is not yet implemented.
\medskip
 
\ni {\bf REPORT}

has been removed 
\medskip

\ni {\bf ROTATOR}

Cannot be used on the JKT as the Turntable Rotator is not under computer
control.    See 3.3 for method of operating the Rotator manually.
\medskip
 
\ni {\bf SAVE}

SA(VE) Filename
 
saves the catalogue in memory to a user-specified disk file, which must
have a .CAT extension, whatever extension was entered.
There are no qualifiers.
\medskip
 
\ni {\bf SCAN}

SC(AN)/ALL duration length angle separation number

SC(AN)/D(URATION)   total scan time (secs)

SC(AN)/L(ENGTH)     length of line (arcsec)

SC(AN)/A(NGLE)      position angle of line (degrees)

SC(AN)/S(EPARATION) separation between lines (arcsec)

SC(AN)/N(UMBER)     number of lines in scan
 
*** N.B. THIS IS NOT YET DEBUGGED ***

Sets up the parameters of a raster scan.  It is actioned by the control
panel SCAN/TRAIL buttons as follows:
\medskip

     to start a scan press SCAN/TRAIL - START \& CONTINUE 

     to pause a scan press SCAN/TRAIL - HOLD

     to reverse a scan direction press SCAN/TRAIL - BACK

     to stop a scan or return to the start position press SCAN/TRAIL -
     ABORT

\ni Note that to select between SCAN and TRAIL {\em (q.v.)} press the
SCAN/TRAIL button so that it is lit for SCAN and unlit for TRAIL;
TRAIL is the default mode.
\medskip

\ni {\bf SET}
 
sets up various UI parameters according to the qualifier
\medskip

SET/LST hh mm ss

sets up the Local Sidereal Time for use by the ADVISE command.

SET/UT  hh mm ss

sets up the UT for use by the ADVISE command

SET/NOW

ADVISE will use the current time (this is the default on startup)
\medskip
\ni {\bf SHOW}
 
has been replaced by an amplified ADVISE
\medskip
 
\ni {\bf SNAFU}
 
sets up the telescope index errors or the aperture offsets.
\medskip

SNAFU/NOMINAL

 sets the collimation and index errors.   

      The sequence of events is as follows:
\begin{enumerate}
     \item  slew the telescope to an accurately-known source position;

     \item  Type SN(AFU) and follow the instructions on the terminal i.e.
         press RETURN and ....
     \item  use the set/guide/increment functions to position the object on a
         reference mark (either the Grinnell cross-wires or the  centre of
         a CCD chip) - see APERTURE
     \item  press the ACKNOWLEDGE button on the control panel.
\end{enumerate}
\medskip

SNAFU/A  and SNAFU/B

The qualifiers /A and /B enable the different aperture positions to be
recorded by the system for use by the BEAMSWITCH button.

The procedure is:
\begin{enumerate}
     \item  set an object on the reference mark (see above) using the guide
         buttons or the handset;
     \item  type SNAFU/A on the user interface console;
     \item  move the object to the desired aperture position, again using the
      handset or desk buttons;
     \item  press the ACKNOWLEDGE button and then BEAMSWITCH NOMINAL to
      restore the object to the reference position.
\end{enumerate}

     /B sets the aperture offset for beamswitch B in the same way.
\medskip

\ni {\bf SOURCE}

SO(URCE)

defines a new entry in the source catalogue.   The first three entries
cannot be erased: .DEFAULT, .GUIDE and .LINK.   A newly defined entry
automatically becomes the EDIT source, so its parameters (RA, DEC etc.)
can be entered immediately.
\medskip

SO(URCE)/I(INPUT) source-name

This command provides the source with default values for RA, DEC,
EQUINOX, co-ordinate type (MEAN or APPARENT) and PROPER-MOTION in both
co-ordinates.   The default values for all these quantities are copied 
from the source which is called .DEFAULT .   This is the first entry
in the catalogue and has its parameters set on start up.  Until a 
new SOURCE command is issued, any commands which set or alter any of
the above mentioned quantities will update the values associated with
the 'source-name'.
\medskip

SO(URCE)/M(ARK) Source-Name

This command provides values for RA,DEC, EQUINOX and co-ordinate type
from the current position of the telescope: proper motions are set to
zero.   This provides the means to log the positions of objects with
poor or unknown co-ordinates measured at the telescope.   Until a new
SOURCE command is issued, any commands which set or alter any of the 
above-mentioned quantities will update the values associated with 
the 'Source-Name'.
\medskip

ERROR-CHECKS

Checks are made to see if the source-name is already in the catalogue;
whether the maximum number of catalogue entries has been exceeded;
whether the storage allocated to the dictionary of source-names has been
filled;  or whether the name of the source is too long.   Appropriate
messages are displayed in each case and no catalogue entry is made.
\medskip
 
\ni {\bf STATUS}
 
Has been removed.
\medskip
 
\ni {\bf STOP}

STOP
 
is the equivalent of the T/S Dome STOP button on the control panel.  It
stops both the telescope and the dome. There are no qualifiers. 
\medskip

\ni {\bf TELESCOPE}
 
T(ELESCOPE)/O(VER-POLE)

T(ELESCOPE)/U(NDER-POLE)

T(ELESCOPE)/E(AST)

T(ELESCOPE)/W(EST)

is used to set the mode of telescope operation according to the qualifier;
ie working either East or West of the pier.   E(AST) is the default mode
for the JKT.   OVER and UNDER-POLE refer to the INT.
\medskip
 
\ni {\bf TITLE}

TI(TLE)
 
is only used for input from files.  The text following the command is
printed on the terminal.  It is used for instance to output the initial
messages for the user interface. There are no qualifiers. 
\medskip
 
\ni {\bf TRAIL}

TR(AIL)/ALL   duration length angle

TR(AIL)/D(URATION)   duration (secs)

TR(AIL)/L(ENGTH)       length (arcsecs)

TR(AIL)/A(NGLE)               position-angle (degrees)
 
sets up the parameters for a trail and is very similar to SCAN {\em(q.v.)}.  It
is actioned by the associated SCAN/TRAIL control console buttons.  For both
SCAN and TRAIL, the starting position is where the telescope is set at the
time the begins.   There is no offset to a central position.  The trail can
be reversed, paused or aborted as with SCAN. 
\medskip

\ni {\bf TURNTABLE}

TU(RNTABLE)   position angle (degrees)

Cannot be used on the JKT because there is no computer control over the
turntable rotator.
\medskip
 
\ni {\bf WAIT}
 
has been removed. 
\medskip

\ni {\bf ZEROSET}
 
is used to zeroset the incremental encoders.  

Z(EROSET)/A(UTO)

sets the incremental encoder readings to zero when the telescope slews 
past a hardware marker.   The sequence of operations is: 
\begin{enumerate}
     \item  Move telescope to within about a degree of the zero set  position
         but not exactly on it;
     \item  Press $<$cr$>$ when ready to continue
     \item  The green handset lamps on the control panel will light up
     \item  Use the engineering-mode telescope control buttons to move the
         telescope through the zeroset position at the speed marked on
the control potentiometers (about 1 deg/sec) in each of the
         coordinates successively.  As each axis is zero-set the
         appropriate console light will go out indicating successful
         completion for that axis. 
\end{enumerate}
To get out of this procedure at any time, press the ACKNOWLEDGE button on
the control desk. There are no qualifiers.

Z(EROSET)/M(ANUAL)

This replaces SET/ZERO but is not yet debugged.   It is used when the
hardware zeroset is broken.   In this case, move the telescope to the
zeroset position at the zenith (HA = 0; Dec = latitude) as indicated by
the synchros (INT) or setting circles (JKT) and enterZ(EROSET)/M(ANUAL).
This effectively does a SNAFU operation assuming that the telescope is
at the zeroset position.
\medskip

\ni {\bf GENERAL}

   Character strings separated by spaces are entered at the User Console
and sent to the programme USER by pressing RETURN.   USER's command
processor attempts to identify the first string as a command name by
comparing it with its internal dictionary of such names.   If it is 
successful in making a match, one of two things may happen:  a command
which does not take any arguments (e.g. GO) is executed immediately;
however, if the command takes arguments (e.g. R(A)) the program will 
go on processing the input line until the requisite number of acceptable
arguments have been analysed, when the command is executed.   If the 
input line is not exhausted the next character string delimited by
spaces is processed in the same manner.
   If the commandprocessor cannot match the character string with a 
command name, an error message is output and the rest of the line is
ignored.

   Many commands have qualifiers as well as parameters and some require
the activation of a control panel button after the UI command has been
entered.   The full specification of a command could therefore be of
the form:

\medskip

UI-$>$COMMAND/QUALIFIER PARM1 PARM2

followed by pressing a control panel button.   Note that occasionally
parameters are associated with only one qualifier.

\ni {\bf HELP}

This command displays the HELP information held in a set of modular
hierarchical Help libraries in an interactive manner which allows a 
degree of browsing through the structure by the user.   This facility
is activated by entering the following command to the User Interface:-
\medskip
HELP [/LIB(RARY)=libname] [item1 [item2 [... [item10] ... ]]
\medskip

When the HELP command is active the user is prompted for further
input to guide the search through the library structure:-
\medskip
'prompt for input' item1 [item2 [... [item10] ... ]]
\medskip
'prompt for input' command
\medskip

Where the 'prompt for input' reflects the current position
within the library structure.
\medskip

HELP/LIBRARY = libname
\medskip

The use of this parameter enables information held within libraries
other than the default library to be enquired after.   If this 
parameter is used it MUST be the first entry after the HELP command
but it need not be separated from the HELP by a space.   It will
cause the Help Library with filename <libname> to be searched instead of
yhe default library.
\medskip

If this parameter is omitted, or <libname> is blank, then the default
library TCS.HLB is assumed.   If the "=" sign is also missing then the
"/LIB.." which has been entered is assumed to be <item1>.
\medskip
libname
\medskip

This is a standard Perkin Elmer file name of the form:-
\medskip
[vol:]name[.ext][/acct]
\medskip

       vol    a 1 to 4 character volume name

       name   a 1 to 8 character file name

       ext    a 0 to 3 character file extension

       acct   a 1 to 5 character numerical account
\medskip

However the volume name and account number portions, if given, are
ignored and the library is looked for in account 0 of the SYS
volume.   If the file extension is omitted then 'HLB' is assumed.
\medskip
Notes
\medskip

It is usually not necessary to use this parameter since the Help
Library architecture supported by this software is modular and
hierarchical and all the help libraries within the TCS and ICS
can be reached via the default.   Its only uses would be to refer
to libraries not within the hierarchy (for example, private
libraries or new versions of existing libraries) or to shorten
the item search path, though this latter reason is not of particular
importance.
\medskip
item <n>
\medskip

When entered as part of the HELP command this is the nth level
enquired item relative to the initial HELP Library which is level 0.
If no item is given then all topics at level 1 in the library are
listed.
\medskip

When entered in response to a prompt from HELP it is the nth level
item below the current level.   The maximum number of enquired items
is ten.
\medskip
Inputting a sequence of enquired items specifies a path down the HELP
hierarchical structure from the current level.   This path may fail
at any point due to the non-existence of a particular <item> and in 
this case a warning message is produced together with a list of 
topics at the lowest valid level on the path.   In addition, a separate
log of such failures is maintained to give an indication of what
HELP information , according to the user's perception may be lacking.
\medskip
command
\medskip

There are four single character commands which can be entered in 
response to a prompt from the HELP system:-
\medskip
   '?'   list all topics below the current level

   ' '   move one level up the hierarchy - terminates HELP at level 0
  
   '!'   terminate the HELP command immediately

   '-'   move one level up the hierarchy (don't use)



\subsection {  EXAMPLES}
 
It is desired to observe three objects, as follows:
\begin{enumerate}
 
     \item   A star called HD 1234 at RA 07h 08m 09.32s, Dec. +17 14 44.1" at
          equinox 1950.0.  This has annual proper motions of 0.034 secs of
          time in RA and -0.127" in Dec.

     \item   A galaxy called NGC 3456 at RA 10h 11m 12.3s, Dec -03 07 14" at
          equinox 1900.0.

     \item   A nearby star, to be used as a standard, HD 2345 at RA 10h 13m
          15.7s  Dec -04 05 06" at equinox J2000.0.
 
          HD 1234 is to be observed first and then the main object will be
          NGC 3456 with HD 2345 as the standard.
\end{enumerate}
The UI commands may be used to enter an object name and details in the
following way (minimum abbreviations are used): 

\begin{tabular}{ll}
\multicolumn{1}{c}{Command}  &\multicolumn{1}{c}{Comment} \\
                               &                     \\
     UI-$>$.HD1234             &       * Object name \\
                               &           \\
     UI-$>$R 07 08 09.34       &       * RA \\
                               &    \\
     UI-$>$D 17 14 44.1        &       * Dec \\
                               &   \\
     UI-$>$E 1950              &       * Equinox (Besselian assumed) \\
                               &    \\  
     UI-$>$P/R 0.034           &       * RA Proper Motion (sec /year) \\
                               &    \\
     UI-$>$P/D -0.0127         &       * Dec Proper Motion (" /year)\\
                               &\\
                               &


\end{tabular}

Source names may be defined with any letters inside brackets used as
optional descriptors, e.g. AL(VIN) may be recalled as ALVI, ALV or AL. 

An alternative way of entering commands is to put all of them on a single
line leaving spaces between each trailing field and the next command word.
NGC3456 may be input, using minimum abbreviations, as follows: 
\medskip
 
     UI-$>$. NGC3456 R 10 11 12.3 D -03 07 14 E 1950

The character ; (semi-colon) may be used as an alternative to RETURN as a
command terminator.   For example, each of the commands RA and DEC expect 1
sexagesimal argument with 3 fields (hrs mins secs or degs mins secs), but
right ascension 1 hour, declination +30 deg and equinox 1950 is abbreviable
to: 
\medskip

     UI-$>$R 1;D 30;E 1950

The command processor ceases looking for further arguments for R and D on
detecting the semi-colon and begins processing afresh at the next
character.   The standard HD 345 can be input as the 'guide' star, .GUIDE,
by: 
\medskip
 
     UI-$>$.G R 10 13 15. 7 D - 04 05 06 E 2000 ME(AN)/JU(LIAN)

(N.B. DEFAULT, GUIDE and LINK are permanent entries which cannot be
erased).  To check that the coordinates have been typed in correctly, we
can LIST the target objects and their positions on the screen:
\medskip

\begin{tabular}{lllllll}
\multicolumn{1}{c}{Name}   & \multicolumn{1}{c}{ RA} &\multicolumn{1}{c}
{Declination} &\multicolumn{1}{c}{Equinox}& 
\multicolumn{1}{c}{PM-RA} &\multicolumn{1}{c}{PM-Dec}&
\multicolumn{1}{c}{Guide-Object}\\
       &               &                &        &        &       &\\
NGC3456&  10:11:12.300 &   -03:07:14.000& B1950.0&  0.000 & 0.000 & .GUIDE\\
       &               &                &        &        &       &\\
.GUIDE &  10:13:15.700 &   -04:05:06.000& J2000.0&  0.000 & 0.000 & Not
specified\\
       &               &                &        &        &       &\\
HD1234 &  07:08:09.340 &    17:44:44.100& B1950.0&  0.034 &-0.127 & .GUIDE\\
       &               &                &        &        &       &\\
\end{tabular}

The catalogue information for individual sources may be displayed by: 
\medskip

\begin{tabular}{ll}
     UI-$>$SHOW/EDIT           &  for the entry now being edited     \\
                               &\\
     UI-$>$SHOW/NEXT           &  for the next source to be observed\\
                               &\\
     UI-$>$SHOW/CURRENT        &  for the source currently being observed\\
                               &\\
\end{tabular}

Data for up to 500 sources may be input.  The STATUS command tells the user
how many entries are currently stored and also indicates the extent to
which the buffer which stores the object names has been filled - a list 
containing lots of long source names will be terminated before 200 entries.
The command SHOW/CATALOGUE lists just the source names.   Section 6.5 gives
a list of the currently stored catalogues. 

USER maintains various pointers to keep track of catalogue entries and
which objects are of current interest.  Three of these pointers are
manipulated by the user:  that to the "current" source, to the "next"
source and to the "edit" source.  Each time a .SOURCE command (naming a new
entry to the catalogue) is issued the "edit" pointer switches to the next
available slot in the catalogue and any data which follow are associated
with that catalogue entry.  However, this does not happen in the case of a
MARK source.  The edit pointer is also changed if an existing source name
is input.  Thus any data input will always be associated with the edit
source until the pointer is changed by a .SOURCE or an already defined
source name.  The parameters of the edit source may be displayed at the
user console by typing S(HOW)/ED(IT).  Any source parameters which are not
specifically entered will be picked up from the first entry in the
catalogue .D(EFAULT) so that, for example, to enter a whole list of stars
with 1900.0 coordinates one would only have to type: 
\medskip

     UI-$>$.D E 1900
 
     UI-$>$. STAR R 12 34 56 D 12 34 56
 
and the equinox of all following entries will be 1900 until changed.
 
The "next" pointer points to the catalogue entry containing the coordinates
of the object to which the observer wishes to move next, i.e. when GO is
typed, USER looks at the entry specified by NEXT and moves the telescope
there.  Once the telescope arrives at a specified position and begins
tracking the "current" pointer points to the entry concerned and the "next"
pointer remains unchanged until another NEXT command is issued.

At STARTUP all three pointers point to .D(EFAULT).  It is therefore,
possible to observe by merely entering R and D commands (each new entry
going into .D) and pressing GO at the end of the observation.  By this 
means the pointers are never reset and no source entries are accumulated in
the catalogue.

When the same objects are to be observed on different nights SA(VE) will
store the current internally held catalogue and this can then be recalled
on any subsequent occasion.  The contents of the catalogue are stored as
commands so that restoring the catalogue allows objects in it to be
acquired immediately without resort to any other commands apart from GO.
\begin{enumerate}

\item To save the catalogue in a file STAR.CAT:
\medskip

     UI-$>$SA(VE) STAR       * All SAVE files are given the extension .CAT by

                             USER
 
The catalogue can be listed on the line printer using the command:
 
     UI-$>$L(IST)/PRI(NTER)   * and wait for a few seconds.
 
(you must ensure that the line printer selector switch is switched to TCS
and NOT ICS.)  This command must be issued on the UI console.
 
If nothing happens, type D M (on the 3220 telescope system console) to check 
that the spooler is not Paused.  If it is type:  

     *T .SPL   

     *CO   

(also on the system console) and try again.
 
If .SPL is not loaded, type STARTSPL on system console. 

To restore the catalogue type:
 
     UI-$>$I(NPUT) STAR.CAT
 
You can remove objects from a catalogue by using the command:

     UI-$>$CL(EAR)/F(ROM) HD1234

this removes all the objects in the catalogue from HD1234 onwards.  It is
not possible to remove individual entries, except the last!  You must
EN(ABLE) CL(EAR)/ALL clears the whole catalogue except the first 3 entries.

\item To move the telescope
 
Indicate which source is to be observed by using the NEXT command.
 
     UI-$>$NEXT NGC3456         *Select NGC3456 as "next" object

     UI-$>$GO                   *Move telescope to "next" object
 
NOTE.  You can also use the T/S DOME GO button on the control desk.  The
telescope is halted by STOP.
\end{enumerate}

\subsection {  STANDARD CATALOGUES}

Catalogue files available on disc

\subsubsection {Catalogue format}

A catalogue for the telescope computer is a set of user interface commands
and as such can be in free format.   For legibility and neatness, however,
it is worth adhering to a more rigid tabular format with one object per
line of the file.   The guidelines for generating catalogues may be divided
into essential rules (disregard of which will cause the interface to be
unable to read in the file) and conventions (which are guidelines for
producing catalogues which may be read in as quickly as possible and are
easy to maintain). 

\subsubsection {Essential rules}

The following rules MUST be followed.
\begin{enumerate}
     \item  The file should consist of 80-byte records.   Consequently, no
          more than 80 characters per line are allowed.

     \item  There should be no non-alphanumeric characters (carriage returns,
          line feeds, etc.) anywhere in the file.

     \item  The last command in the file must be END.

     \item  The filename must consist of 8 alphanumeric characters
or less, starting with a letter, and must have the extension .CAT. 

     \item  There should be no more than 200 objects in the file, as this is
          the maximum number that can be held in memory at once.
\end{enumerate} 

\subsubsection {Conventions}

\begin{enumerate}
     \item  Every standard catalogue should start with a comment line
          describing its contents and giving the name of the originator and
          

     \item  If all of the objects in the catalogue have the same equinox,
          then this should be given at the beginning of the file, not
          repeated for every object.

     \item  The format should be as given in the examples below, i.e.:

     SOURCE OBJECT R hh mm ss.ss D +dd mm ss.s P/R +s.ssss P/D +s.sss EQ Jyyyy.y 

          with the equinox omitted if it does not change from line to line.

     \item  The coordinate type (JULIAN, BESSELIAN or APPARENT) should be
          specified at the beginning of the file.

     \item  It is expected that each catalogue file will have an associated
          documentation file with the same name but with the extension
          .DOC.

     \item  Catalogues should be split by Right Ascension in order to
          minimise the number of records to be read in - there is no point
          storing objects if they are invisible.
\end{enumerate} 

\subsubsection {Coordinate systems}

The restrictions on coordinate types are as follows:
\begin{enumerate}

\item  Coordinates may be either mean or geocentric apparent.   Only FK4
     (default B1950) coordinates are supported at present.

\item Geocentric apparent coordinates refer to the current date and time.

\item  The epoch for the proper motions is assumed equal to the equinox for 
      mean coordinates.
\end{enumerate} 

\subsubsection {List of standard catalogues}

\begin{tabular}{ll}
PTGRID       &  Grid of stars with accurately-known positions for pointing tests\\
             &  The following four catalogues are subsets of PTGRID and contain\\
             &  stars which pass through the zenith.   They are to be used for\\
             &  setting the encoder zeropoints of the telescope (SNAFU) and for\\
             &  measuring the seeing.\\
             \\
SEE0006      &  0 hr $<$ RA $<$ 6 hr\\
        \\
SEE0612      &  6 hr $<$ RA $<$ 12 hr\\
        \\
SEE1218      &  12 hr $<$ RA $<$ 18 hr\\
        \\
SEE1824      &  18 hr $<$ RA $<$ 24 hr\\
        \\
SPECPHOT~~~~~~~~~~~~      &  Spectrophotometric flux standards\\
        \\
             &  The following six catalogues contain stars from Landolt's list of\\
             &  equatorial standards for UBVRI photometry.   There are two\\
             &  overlapping sets, one with photometry by D.H.P. Jones \& J.E.\\
             &  Sinclair (from SAAO) and the other with photometry by Landolt\\
             &  (from KPNO).   Users should be warned that there are differences\\
             &  between the two datasets in the U and B bands, as is discussed\\
             &  further in the .DOC files.   All of the positions have, however,\\
             &  been checked and/or remeasured.   There is a further division\\
             &  between stars suitable for CCD's (V $>$ 10) and those which should\\
             &  only be used with photoelectric photometers.\\
             \\
UBVRIRG      &  Jones \& Sinclair photometry; no magnitude restriction\\
        \\
UBVRIRGB     &  Jones \& Sinclair photometry; V $<$ 10\\
        \\
UBVRIRGF     &  Jones \& Sinclair photometry; V $>$ 10\\
          \\
UBVRIKP      &  Landolt photometry; no magnitude restriction\\
        \\
UBVRIKPB     &  Landolt photometry; V $<$ 10\\
        \\
UBVRIKPF     &  Landolt photometry; V $>$ 10\\
\end{tabular}
\vfill
\eject      

\section {   CLOSING DOWN THE T/S AND COMPUTERS }

     The closing down sequence of the JKT is considerably easier than the
start up and less can, and does, go wrong. Moreover at this stage any
problems never seem quite so important!                   

     The recommended procedure is as follows -  
\begin{enumerate}

\item   Completely switch off the acquisition TV by turning down the gain
     control until it clicks and pressing the red STOP button.  Retract
     the old A/G box mirror to OUT.    Turn off the Auto-Guider.   Both
     the TV and Auto-Guider are interlocked with the fluorescent dome lights.  

\item   Close the mirror covers.

\item   Close the dome shutters. 

\item   Rotate the dome to avoid any expected bad weather.

\item   Make safe any instrument (eg close the dark slides ) and switch on
     the dome lights.
     
\item   Press button Z.P. to zenith park the telescope. 
     Shut down Telescope Control Computer.

     Type  FINISH, wait for the final message then type MA FX16:,OFF.

\item   After raising the black-out blind so you can see the telescope,
     switch the telescope control to ENGINEERING mode (button to right of
     key on upper right of console) and drive the telescope (buttons
     centre left of console) so as to replace any covers as necessary (usually
     applicable to f/8 only) then park the telescope at the zenith.
                      
\item   Turn off the 'TELESCOPE POWER' key on the console.    

\item   Cancel the alarm that sounds (left button of panel at lower right of
     console).

\item   It is always wise to put your data on tape at the end of the night
     as head crashes in the Disk Drives are not unknown.  When these are
     FITS tapes put the 'D' tape in the tray to be copied (fill out a
     copy request as well).  The 'C' tape is for you to take away, the
     'D' tape is for the La Palma data archive.

\item  When you have finished printing files or copying data as
     appropriate, type SHUTDOWN to exit from ADAM and then type SIGNOFF
     $<$cr$>$ at the user terminal of the instrument computer.  ('SO' will
     do).

\item Shutdown the instrument computer. The procedure is
     (at the system console):

\item STOPALL $<$cr$>$

\item OFF $<$cr$>$
 
\item MA EGLE:,OFF $<$cr$>$
\end{enumerate} 

    Go to the EAGLE diskand switch the PROTECT switch to protect and the
    right hand switch to READY.

\begin{enumerate}

\item  If appropriate, refill the CCD cryostat with liquid nitrogen.

\item  The Nightly Report Form.
    You must fill in the Nightly report form at the end of
    your night's work.   Most of the entries are self-
    explanatory but note the following:
    The hours observed is most easily found by subtracting
    the time of the first useful observation (not flat field)
    from the time of the last observation.
    Astr.T.  means Astronomical Twilight.   The times can be
    found from the NAO booklet 'Astronomical
    Data for La Palma' or the table pinned to the Notice-Board.
    Enter the UT values, not sidereal, for the end of
    astronomical twilight in the evening and the beginning
    of astronomical twilight in the morning.
    You should be taking seeing measurements roughly every two
    hours throughout the night and entering them in the JKT
    Observers Log Book;  and duplicate them to Dave Carter's form
    for logging the seeing.   You can measure the seeing from the
    TV but it is much more reliable to use STARFIT on a short
    CCD exposure, especially the best of a focus run.   Pay
    no attention to the 'seeing' displayed by the autoguider.
    Clouds (0-8) refers to the standard meteorological definition of
    cloud cover in eighths.

    Dust (0-2) is on an arbitary scale where
    0 means horizon clean and hard, Teide easily visible
    1 means horizon ill-defined, Teide seen with difficulty
    if at all.
    2 means no perceptible horizon, Teide totally invisible,
    view across Caldera substantially impaired.
    3 means you should lie down in the lee of your camel
    Complete the log book and leave any SERs or hardware fault cards or mag
    tape copy requests in the tray provided.  (Duty Officer collection).
    (IF THEY ARE NOT LEFT IN HERE, NOTHING WILL HAPPEN.)

\item  Make sure the intercom is off (depress the .$<$- key so that the red
     light goes out). 

\item  Lock the outside door as you leave.
\end{enumerate} 

\vfill
\eject

\section {   TROUBLE SHOOTING}

\subsection { TELESCOPE RUNAWAY}

     One of the most worrying problems that can occur with the telescope
control is that the telescope begins to slew uncontrollably. In this
event, having read the following few actions in advance may save a lot of
panic and, who knows, may even help to stop the telescope before the
limit switches do. The actions are listed in order of seriousness.   
\begin{enumerate}

\item  Press the T/S DOME stop button (next to the set/guide buttons on the
     console).     

\item  Clear the console CAMAC by switching it off-line and pressing the
     clear switch to left and right. See Section 2.5 and know how to do
     it in advance. 

\item  Press the large red EMERGENCY STOP button (upper right of control
     console).  There is a second emergency stop button on the telescope
     primary cell which works equally well.

\item  Check that the handset is plugged into the "observer" socket.  If it
     is there must be some other problem.  Call for help.
\end{enumerate} 

N.B. The emergency stop buttons for the rising floor have no effect on
     the telescope!

\subsection { RELEASING TELESCOPE FROM THE LIMIT SWITCHES}

     If the actions of Section 9.1 fail, or more likely if you weren't
watching or were too slow, then the telescope will be stopped by the
horizon limit switches. To get away from this proceed as follows:

\begin{enumerate}

\item  Switch telescope to engineering mode.  

\item  Press the clear alarm button.

\item  Turn the key marked LIMITS NORM/OVERRIDE clockwise and keep it
     turned whilst simultaneously
     pressing whichever of the HA+, HA-, DEC+, DEC- buttons is required.
     The telescope should now rise away from the limits. 
\end{enumerate} 

     The encoder readings for RA \& Dec will probably be corrupted
     entailing a fresh SNAFU or zeroset.

\subsection { ALARMS AFTER A POWER FAILURE IN FLIGHT}

     If a power failure occurs during observing, then when the mains is
restored there will be an almighty din in the control room. To quieten
things down press the CANCEL alarm button on the lower right of the
control console (pretty obvious) but ALSO press the RESET button on the
TIMER panel.   

\subsection {  DOME}

If the dome won't turn:
\begin{enumerate}

\item  Check grey panel on dome wall is ON
\item  Check it is switched to remote/local, whichever you want.  (Remote =
       control from the control room).
\item  Check that the speed control is at maximum.
\end{enumerate} 

If the dome turns but the reading on the information display doesn't
     change:

\begin{enumerate}

\item  Check interface next to the grey panel is switched on.
\item  Check the gear wheel is still located in the chain (North end of
       dome
\item  Call duty technician.
\end{enumerate} 


\subsection { CONTROL COMPUTER/USER INTERFACE}

     If the telescope control computer (UI) has hung up, see Section 4.1.5
     but if that is no use then call the Duty Technician as the terminal
     may not be plugged in correctly.    If the UI hangs up because
     the 'Break' key was pressed go to the system console and type
 
     T USER;CO

\medskip

{\bf Trouble with Rising Floor?  See Section 2.3.}
\vfill
\eject

\section {  STOP PRESS}

     Please record any new quirks of the system below.  If they turn out
     to be long lived then they will be incorporated into the manual.

\begin{enumerate}

\item  The telescope is affected by movement on the rising floor.  It
     amounts to a movement of the image of a few arcsecs if the observer
     jumps up and down.  Keep off the rising floor when exposing unless
     absolutel necessary.

\item  Be sure to get a number allocated for your D tapes, i.e. the tapes
     that remain here, before taking copy tapes (C) away.

\item  If the air conditioning fails, normally heralded by an ear-piercing
     warbling noise signal from the CLIP centre, try resetting the A/C unit
     by 1) switching it off, 2) pressing the reset button, 3) switching on
     again.  If this clears all fault indications everything is well.  If
     not, then contact the duty technician.  The computers must not be
     left running for more than 15 minutes without air-conditioning.  If
     this seems likely to happen follow the instructions in Section 10 on
     closing down the computers.

\end{enumerate} 
\vfill
\eject
\section { QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE FOR NORMAL START-UP}

\subsection { STARTUP OF TELESCOPE AND 3220 TELESCOPE CONTROL COMPUTER}

\begin{enumerate}

   \item Telescope power ON.
   \item Oil pump ON.
   \item Cancel alarm (when it sounds).  Occasionally it doesn't but you
         know you have passed this point when the Red 'Alarm Cancel' at
         bottom of RH bay goes out and green light in (4) comes on.
   \item Press RESET next to emergency stop knob (green light goes OUT).
   \item Check for other alarms.
   \item Check for obstructions on observers' floor.
   \item Move telescope so that you can get corrector cover
        off.  (Only necessary at f/8.)
   \item Type D D $<$cr$>$. 

     Look down list of devices and find FX16:. If it is OFF, type

     MA FX16:,ON,,CD=ALL

     and wait for the one line response, then type

     GO JKT

     and wait for the message LOADJKT: END OF TASK 0. If it says FX16:SYS
     type  

     GO JKT and wait for message, either LOADJKT:END OF TASK 0 or CONTROL
     SYSTEM is already running.
           
\item the telescope computer system terminal check control computer
        is up (asterisk response).  If it is not, see the instructions in
        Section 4.3 of the JKT User Guide.
    \item If you want to work with the telescope West of the pier refer to
        section 4.3 but you must ask
        the support astronomer or duty technician first.
     \item Make sure telescope is about a degree away from the zenith in both
        axes using the engineering mode controls.
   \item Type Zeroset on the UI.   Move telescope through the meridian and
        the zenith to initialise  encoders.
    \item Switch to computer control.
    \item If you do not want the default values, set the handset set, guide
        and increment parameters by typing 
                                                                         
             HA/S xx $<$cr$>$ (arcsec/sec)

             HA/G xx $<$cr$>$        "

             HA/I xx $<$cr$>$ (arcsec)

        where xx are values according to taste.  The startup values are
        30, 3 and 30 respectively.

        Energise the handset by pressing SET/GUIDE/INCREMENT buttons in
        succession.
    \item Dome lights off.
    \item Close blind in control room.
    \item Open Dome Shutters and mirror petals, in that order.
    \item Select a bright star and enter the coordinates to the user
        interface.  Drive to that object.  Activate the TV - see no. 25.
    \item Use SNAFU to correct coordinate zero points.
    \item When star has been centred press the ACK button on the
        control desk until it goes out.
\end{enumerate} 

\subsection { STARTUP OF 3210 INSTRUMENT CONTROL COMPUTER}
\begin{enumerate}

    \item Check for asterisk response. If none go to Section 5.2.
    \item SIgnon  ABC,n,n       at the USER terminal.
\end{enumerate} 

\subsection { STARTUP OF THE TV}
\begin{enumerate}

    \item Make sure all lights are out in the dome.   Both the TV and the
        Auto-Guider are interlocked with the dome fluorescent lights.
    \item Ensure that the gain control of the TV control box is turned
        fully off (turn anti-clockwise until it clicks).
    \item Press the black ON power button on the control box.  The two
        lights labelled DELAY \& RESET will come on. Wait until the green
        ON light comes on.
    \item Turn on the power to the two monitors of the TV system and let
        them warm up.
    \item Depress the ACQN/COMP button on the A \& G controller to move the
        flat mirror into the beam.
\end{enumerate} 

\subsection { CLOSE DOWN OF THE TELESCOPE AND COMPUTERS}
\begin{enumerate}

 \item  Retract Mirror on old A/G box (leave at OUT).
 \item  Zenith park the telescope - but otherwise leave the telescope
     control program running.
 \item Close the dark slides (photometer) or corresponding feature of other
     instrument, if such exist.
 \item Completely switch off the acquisition TV by turning down the gain
     control until it clicks and pressing the red STOP button.   Turn
     off the autoguider.
 \item Close the mirror covers.
 \item Close the dome shutters.
 \item Switch on the dome lights.
 \item Replace dust covers as necessary.
 \item Turn off the 'TELESCOPE POWER' key on the console.
 \item Cancel the alarm that sounds (left button of panel at lower right of
     console).
\item  When you have finished printing files or copying data as
     appropriate; SHUTDOWN to get out of ADAM,  then Sign off (SO $<$cr$>$
     will do) at the user terminal of the instrument control computer.  
\item  Complete the log (night assistant) book and leave any SERs or
     hardware fault cards in the tray above the Lexidata.
\item  Make sure the intercom is off (depress the .$<$- key so that the red
     light goes out).
\item  If appropriate, if you are using the CCD then refill the cryostat
     with liquid nitrogen and note the time done on the notice board in
     the control room.
\item  Lock the outside door as you leave.
\end{enumerate} 

\subsection {SUMMARY OF COMMANDS FOR NEW USER INTERFACE}

\begin{tabular}{ll}
.                        & defines a new source name\\
$\ast$                        & comment line in a command file\\
AC(QUISITION-MODE)       & defines the autoguider acquisition mode\\
A(DVISE)                 & get advice on rising, setting times, ZD, parallactc\\
                         & angle for input sidereal time (?)\\
AP(ERTURE)               & sets positions of apertures\\
APP(ARENT)               & source coordinates are apparent\\
CL(EAR)                  & clear entries from list in memory\\
C(URRENT)                & selects the currently observed source for editing\\
D(EC)                    & set declination for source being edited\\
DI(FFERENTIAL-RATE)      & set differential tracking rate\\
EN(ABLE)                 & enables ZEROSET and SNAFU\\
END                      & terminates file input\\
E(QUINOX)                & set equinox of coordinates for current source\\
F(OCUS)                  & sets the focus position\\
GO                       & drives the telescope to the NEXT source\\
GU(IDE-OBJECT)           & defines a guide-object for the source being edited\\
HA(NDSET)                & sets the handset set, guide rates and increment\\
H(ELP)                   & provides help on commands\\
I(NPUT)                  & inputs commands and data from a disc file\\
L(IST)                   & lists the source names, coordinates etc currently n\\
                         & memory\\
ME(AN)                   & sets mean place coordinates\\
N(EXT)                   & indicate the next source to be observed\\
O(FFSET)                 & set the telescope offsets, relative to current\\
                         & position\\
P(ROPER-MOTION)          & sets the proper motions of the source being edited\\
R(A)                     & sets right ascension for source being edited\\
RE(PORT)                 & causes both source and telescope status to be\\
                         & reported\\
SA(VE)                   & saves catalogue in memory to a named file\\
SC(AN)                   & sets parameters for a telescope scan\\
SE(T)                    & sets zeroset at current position/time/log\\
S(HOW)                   & displays parameters of selected source\\
SI(ZE)                   & gives size of catalogue in memory\\
SN(AFU)                  & sets the telescope collimation errors\\
ST(OP)                   & stops the telescope\\
T(ELESCOPE)              & reports telescope parameters and sets E/W or\\
                         & over/under pole\\
TI(TLE)                  & writes the text following the command to the consoe\\
TR(AIL)                  & sets the telescope trail parameters\\
TU(RNTABLE)              & sets the turntable position\\
W(AIT)                   & waits for a button to be pressed\\
Z(EROSET)                & zerosets the encoders using the hardware zerosets\\
\end{tabular}
\vfill
\eject

\section { GUIA PARA USARIOS CUANDO TODO VA BIEN}

\subsection { PUESTA EN FUNCIONAMIENTO DE LA COMPUTADORA DEL TELESCOPIO/CONTROL}
\begin{enumerate}

    \item Telescope power ON (llave arriba derecha)

    \item Oil pump ON (boton arriba izquierda)

    \item Apage la alarma, si suena (abajo derecha).  A veces no suena,
          pero se puedes pasar al proximo punto si la luz roja de
          "alarma cancel" (abajo en la consola de la derecha) se apaga y
          se enciende una luz verde en (4).

    \item Pulse el boton de RESET, cerca del boton de EMERGENCY STOP (se
                  apaga la luz verde).

    \item Compruebe otras alarmas.

    \item Compruebe si hay obstrucciones en el piso de la cupola, cerca
          del telescopio

    \item Mueve el telescopio para quitar las cubiertas del buscador (y
          corrector).  (Solo necesario en f/8).

    \item Compruebe que el Terminal de Control del Sistema (CST) del
          telescopio funciona:  Carriage Return $<$CR$>$ es contestado con
          "*".  Si no, lea la Seccion 4.3 de la Guia para el usuario del
          JKT. Teclea D D $<$cr$>$. 

          Mire al final de la lista hasta encontran FX16:. Si esta OFF, teclea:

     MA FX16:,ON,,CD=ALL

     y espere para el mensaje  one line response, entonces teclee:

     GO JKT

     y espere el mensaje LOADJKT: END OF TASK 0. Si dice FX16:SYS
     teclee:

     GO JKT y espere un mensaje, ya sea LOADJKT:END OF TASK 0 o CONTROL
     SYSTEM IS ALREADY RUNNING.

    \item Asegurese que el telescopio esta unos grados fuera del zenit en
          los dos ejes utilizando los controles del modo de Engineering.

    \item Teclee Z(EROSET) EN EL TERMINAL DE USER.

    \item Mueva el telescopio a traves del meridiano y el cenit para
          inicializar los encoders.

    
    \item  Cambiae al modo de Computadoras.

    \item  Si no quiere usar los parametros usuales, es posible utilizar
           los parametros del control manual tecleando

               HA/S xx $<$CR$>$ (arcsec/sec)

               HA/G xx $<$CR$>$ (arcsec/sec)

               HA/I xx $<$CR$>$ (arcsec)
                                                                   
          xx son valores que usted pone.  Los valores de startup (puesta en
          funcionamiento) son 50, 3 y 10 respectivamente.
          Active el control manual presionando los botones
          SET/GUIDE/INCREMENT sucesivamente (en el centro, parte mas
          inferior).

    \item  Apage las luces de la cupula, OFF (parte superior derecha).

    \item  Cierre la persiana en la sala de control.

    \item  Abra la cupula y las cubiertas de los espejos (parte superior
          izquierda) en este orden.

    \item  Seleccione una estrella brillante e introduzca las coordenadas
          en la Interface de Usuario (UI).  Dirige el telescopio hacia aquel 
          objeto. Activa la TV - ver 12.3).

    \item  Use SNAFU para corregir las coordenadas del punto cero, teclee
          EN(ABLE) SN(AFU) ANTES de volver a centrar el objeto en el
          reticulo de TV.

    \item  Cuando la estrella esta centrada presione dos veces el boton
          ACK en la consola (parte mas baja, en el centro) hasta que se
          apague.
\end{enumerate} 

\subsection { PUESTA EN FUNCIONAMIENTO DE LA COMPUTADORA DE INSTRUMENTOS}

\begin{enumerate}
    \item  Compruebe que Carriage Return $<$CR$>$ es contestado con "*".  Si
          no, lea la seccion 5.2.

    \item  SIgnon ABC,n,n  en el terminal del USUARIO.
\end{enumerate} 

\subsection { PUESTA EN FUNCIONAMIENTO DE LA TV}
\begin{enumerate}

    \item  Asegurese que todas las luces en la cupula esten apagadas.

    \item  Verifique que la ganancia de la caja de control de la TV este
          bien apagada (gire en direccion contrario al sentido horario
          hasta que se oiga un clik).

    \item  Pulsa el boton negro de energia ON de la caja de control.  Las
          dos luces DELAY y RESET se encenderan.  Espere hasta que se
          encienda la luz verde ON.

    \item  Enciende los dos monitores del sistema de TV y deje que
          se calienten.

    \item  Pulse el boton ACQN/COMP del controlador del A \& G para mover
          el espejo plano dentro del rayo.
\end{enumerate} 

\subsection { CIERRE DEL TELESCOPIO Y LOS COMPUTADORAS}
\begin{enumerate}

     \item  Retire el espejo en la caja de A \& G (deja en OUT).

     \item  Apunte el telescopio al zenit - pero deje en funcionamiento
          el programa de control del telescopio.

     \item  Cierre los obturadores (dark slides).

     \item  Apage completamente la pantalla de TV bajando la ganancia hasta
          que se oye un clik y presione el boton rojo STOP.

     \item  Cierre los cubreespejos.
          
     \item  Cierre la cupula.

     \item  Encienda las luces de la cupula.

     \item  Ponga las tapas contra el polvo si es necesario.

     \item  En la consola ponga en OFF "Telescope Power".

     \item   Apage la alarma que suena (boton de la izquierda en el panel
          abajo a la derecha de la consola).

     \item   Cuando haya terminado de imprimir o copiar los datos:
          SHUTDOWN para salir de ADAM, y Sign off (SO $<$CR$>$ es suficiente)
          en el terminal del usuario de la computadora de
          control de instrumento.

     \item   Complete el Registro (libro de observadores).
\end{enumerate} 
\vfill
\eject

\end {document}
                                                          
